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General Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

0
Q

Four inflammatory mediators of fever

A

IL1
TNF
IL6
PGE2

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1
Q

Name the 3 complement pathways

A

Classical
Alternative
Lectin

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2
Q

Cell types that contain Histamine granules

A

Mast Cell
Basophils
Platelets

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3
Q

Main receptor for Substance P

A

Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R)

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4
Q

Which molecules are involved in the classical complement pathway?

A 
C1q
C1r
C1s
C4
C2
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5
Q

What are the 3 main functions of complement?

A

Opsonization
Membrane Attack Complex formation
Enhanced Inflammation

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6
Q

Which molecules are involved in the alternative complement pathway?

A

Factor D
Factor B
Properdin
C3

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7
Q

Which molecules are involved in the Lectin complement pathway?

A 
Mannose Binding Lectin
Ficolins
MBL- associated serine proteases-2 (MASP-2)
C4
C2
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8
Q

Which molecule is the anchor that initiates formation of the membrane attack complex?

A

C5b

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9
Q

Main Cytokines produced by TH1 cells

A

IFN-gamma

IL-2

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10
Q

TH1 cells direct which type of immunity?

A

Cell-mediated

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11
Q

TH2 cells direct which type of immunity?

A

Humoral

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12
Q

Which cytokines stimulates TH1 cells?

A

IL-12

IL-18

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13
Q

What stimulates TH2 cells?

A

IL-4

IL-10

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14
Q

Major signaling pathway for TH1 and TH2 cytokines

A

JAK/STAT

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15
Q

Signaling pathway for TH17 cytokines

A

Adapter protein ACT1
TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6)
Nuclear factor Kappa Beta (NFkB)

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16
Q

Major function of Type 1 Interferons

A

Anti-viral via JAK/STAT pathway

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17
Q

Major function of Type 2 Interferons

A

Induced Th1 & Th17 responses

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18
Q

Which chemokine is not produced by leukocytes? & effect

A

Fractalkine

(Produced by endothelium)

Monocyte chemotaxis

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19
Q

What is NFKB?

A

A protein that controls gene transcription
Activated in response to cytokines, cell injury, antigens
Controls Cytokine production and cell survival

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20
Q

TLR for LPS

A

TLR4

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21
Q

TLR for flagellin

A

TLR5

22
Q

TLR for Bacterial/viral DNA

A

TLR9

23
Q

TLR for viral ds RNA

A

TLR3

24
Q

Which interleukin stimulates differentiation to tissue repair macrophages

A

IL-4

25
Q

Which interleukin stimulates differentiation into regulatory macrophages

A

IL-10

26
Q

Which chemokine is responsible for dendritic cells homing to lymph nodes?

A

CCL21

27
Q

Which molecule is expressed by mature dendritic cells

A

CCR7

28
Q

Which are the major chemotactic molecules for eosinophils?

A

Eotaxin

IL-5

29
Q

What are the major proteolytic enzymes produced by mass cells in chronic inflammation

A

Chymase

Tryptase

30
Q

Which molecule is the key mediator of pain during inflammation?

A

PGE2

31
Q

What is the major cofactor for an MMPs?

A

Zinc

32
Q

Name the components of the basal lamina

A

Type IV collagen
Laminin
Entactin
Perlecan

33
Q

Receptors for angiopoietin 1

A

Tie2

34
Q

Which inflammatory mediator inhibits differentiation of cells during wound healing?

A

NFKB

35
Q

Which TH cell type is involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

TH2

36
Q

Main molecules for vascular remodelling

A

Ephrin B2

Angiopoietin 2

37
Q

CXC chemokines attract which type of cell?

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

Molecules responsible for endothelial contraction that increases vasc. permeability

A

Histamine
Bradykinin
Leukotrienes

39
Q

Most important antiproteases to limit leukocyte damage

A

a1-antitryspin (neutrophil elastase)

a2-Macroglobin

40
Q

Which lymphocyte is crucial to acute inflammation?

A

TH17

41
Q

Which complement proteins trigger Mast Cells degranulation?

A

C3a

C5a

42
Q

Main cytokines produced by M2 macrophages

A

IL-10

TGF-B

43
Q

Role of Notch Signaling in angiogenesis

A

Regulates sprouting/branching

44
Q

Most important cytokine for connected tissue deposition

A

TGF-B

45
Q

MMP inhibitor

A

TIMPs

46
Q

Enzyme that cleaves and releases extra cellular domains of various cytokines and growth factors

A

ADAMs

47
Q

Major opsonins

A

C3b
Manose-binding Lectin
IgG

48
Q

Major antioxidants

A 
Superoxide dysmutase
Catalase
Glutathione peroxidase
Ceruloplasmin
Transferrin
49
Q

Leukotriene for chemotaxis

A

LTB-4

50
Q

Major regulator of alternative complement pathway and function

A

Factor H

Blocks C3 convertase

51
Q

Inhibits JAK/STAT signalling

A

SOCS

52
Q

Binding of which leukocyte molecule to which endothelium molecule is essential for firm adhesion to endothelium?

A

LFA1 on leukocyte to ICAM1 on endothelium

53
Q

Annexin 1 function

A

Inhibits neutrophil recruitment

Promotes neutrophil apoptosis and phagocytosis by Macrophages

General Pathology (6 decks)

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