Inflammation

Question 1

A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function
-Can be chronic or acute

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

What are the four primary causes of inflammation?

Answer 2

-Physical irritants (trauma, heat, cold, radiation, electricity)
-Chemical irritants (poisons or infection agents
-Infectious agents
-Autoimmune disease

Question 3

Caused by increased blood flow and vascular friction
Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 3

Calor (heat)

Question 4

Caused by blood rushing into the area, the first sign of inflammation
Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 4

Rubor (redness)

Question 5

Caused by exudation (fluid)
Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 5

Tumor (swelling)

Question 6

Caused by swelling which causes damage to the nerves and irritates chemical changes
Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 6

Dolor (pain)

Question 7

Limited use noticed in inflamed tissue
Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 7

Functio laesa (altered function)

Question 8

What are the four steps to repair inflammation and what is their order?

Answer 8

1. Congestion
2. Exudation
3. Suppuration (not always required)
4. Resolution, repair, regeneration

Question 9

Vasodilation increased the amount of blood flowing to the area due to dilation of vessels.
Blood vessels are semi-permeable therefore the permeability increases
-Vascular reaction

Answer 9

Congestion

Question 10

Stage of congestion where we have fluid entering the tissue. White blood cells enter and seal off the tissue and then fibrinogen moves into the damaged area sealing it off
-Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein cells, or solid debris
-Protein rich fluid in the interstitial spaces or body cavities that contain leukocytes and is usually caused by inflammation. Made form Purulent pus, hemorrhagic, serous

Answer 10

Exudation

Question 11

1. Function by engulfing foreign substances
2. Functions in destroying invading bacteria and in autolysis of the fibrin mesh
3. Function in development of antibodies
4. It forms a fibrin mesh that acts as a sealer to seal off area. It also acts as a scaffolding for repair, it draws the two sides of a wound together
   exudation helpers

Answer 11

1. Macrophage and monocytes
2. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)
3. Lymphocytes
4. Fibrinogen