Cell reactions

Question 1

How one’s cells react to trauma, disease, the environment, genetics, or any predisposing factors

Answer 1

Cellular reactions

Question 2

Intracellular deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease of injury
-Cellular swelling
-Fatty degeneration
-Amyloid disease

Answer 2

Degeneration

Question 3

An acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries
-An intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the ionic and fluid homeostasis
-Degeneration occurs when they take on too much water and rupture

Answer 3

Cellular swelling
Degeneration

Question 4

Accumulation of fat globules within the cells of a bodily organ, such as liver or heart, resulting in deterioration of tissue and diminished functioning of the affected organ
-Also called steatosis

Answer 4

Fatty degeneration
Degeneration

Question 5

An abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ

Answer 5

Amyloidosis
Degeneration

Question 6

Intracellular passage and accumulation of substance into cells, tissues, or organs
-Pigmentation
-Calcification
-Gout

Answer 6

Infiltration

Question 7

Generated within the body
-Freckles (melanin)
-Jaundice (bilirubin)

Answer 7

Endogenous pigmentation
Infiltration

Question 8

Deposited from outside the body
-Keratinemia: too many carrots, skin gets orange color
-Pneumoconiosis: inhaled and deposited into the lung (black lung)
-Tattoo

Answer 8

Exogenous pigmentation
Infiltration

Question 9

Abnormal deposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts

Answer 9

Calcification
Infiltration

Question 10

A form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream.
-Symptoms are due to uric acid crystals in the joints and the body’s response to them

Answer 10

Gout
Infiltration

Question 11

Pathological death of cells, tissues, or organs while still a part of the living organism.
-An infarct or lack of blood due to a closed blood vessel can cause the tissue death
-Gangrene is caused when bacteria enters this dead tissue
-Moist
-Dry
-Gas
-Caseous

Answer 11

Necrosis

Question 12

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage accompanies by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

Answer 12

Moist necrosis

Question 13

A necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic

Answer 13

Dry necrosis or Ischemic necrosis

Question 14

The formation of air bubbles in the tissue
-Usually occurs at the site of trauma or recent surgical wound. Can occur without; people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, or colon cancer are at high risk

Answer 14

Gas necrosis

Question 15

Appears as a cheese like mass resulting from tissue destruction
-A collection of dead cells

Answer 15

Caseous necrosis

Question 16

A wasting, a decrease in the size of an organ or tissue
-Physiological
-Pathological

Answer 16

Atrophy

Question 17

General physiological process of reabsorption and breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis

Answer 17

Physiological atrophy

Question 18

The death of cells which occurs as a. normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development

Answer 18

Apoptosis
Atrophy

Question 19

When atrophy occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other diseases

Answer 19

Pathological atrophy

Question 20

The enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of cells composing it
-Compensatory
-Pathological
Physiological

Answer 20

Hypertrophy

Question 21

Demonstrated when on kidney fails or was missing at birth, the other will enlarge to help meet the needs of the body

Answer 21

Compensatory hypertrophy

Question 22

Most often associated with a myocardial infarction or a heart attack or disease

Answer 22

Pathological hypertrophy

Question 23

Characterized by a normal organization or cardiac structure and normal or enhanced cardiac function
-Sports training

Answer 23

Physiological hypertrophy

Question 24

The increased size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of cells composing it
-Enlargement of mammary glands during pregnancy
-Enlargement of the prostate gland

Answer 24

Hyperplasia

Question 25

The replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type

Answer 25

Regeneration

Question 26

List the order of cellular regeneration from fastest to slowest

Answer 26

1. Connective tissue and capillary epithelium
2. Epithelial tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nerve tissue and cardiac muscle