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Morbid Anatomy > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of inflammation

A

DOCTOR

D. dolor pain
O
C. Calor heat
T. Tumor swelling
O loss of function
R. Rubor. Redness

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2
Q

What is inflammation

A

Inflammation is the response the body gives when there is an injury to a vascularised body tissue

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3
Q

Acute inflammation is characterized by

A

Leukocytes and plasma protein is localized at site of infection

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4
Q

The phases of acute inflammation is

A

Vascular and cellular

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5
Q

Stages of vascular inflammation

A

Immediate vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Permeability
Margination of leukocyte

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6
Q

First stage in permeability of blood vessel in acute inflammation is

A

Endothelial constriction

Affects only veins
Results in gap formation in endothelial blood vessels
Histamin leucotrine and bradykinin are mediatiors

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7
Q

The second stage of permeability in acute inflammation

A

Mild destruction of endothelial cells

Carried out by TNF and IL 1
Result after prolonged inflammation
Affect only veins and capillaries
Results in mild permeability

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8
Q

In the cellular events what causes the rolling of leucocytes

A

Selectin

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9
Q

Types of selectin involved in rolling of leucocytes include

A

P Selectin
E Selectin
L Selectin

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10
Q

The preformed Selectin involved in leucocytes rolling is

A

P Selectin

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11
Q

P Selectin is formed and stored in what

A

Weibel palade bodies

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12
Q

The Selectin also involved in adhesion is called

A

E Selectin

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13
Q

Weibels palade bodies is what

A

The storage house for P Selectin

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14
Q

Rolling of leucocytes involves

A

When leucocytes forms a weak adhesive bond to endothelial receptors in search of an injured endothelium

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15
Q

What cytokine results in adhesion of leucocytes in acute inflammation

A

Integrin

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16
Q

Selectin bind to ——— on the surface of neutrophils

A

Sailyl Lewis x

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17
Q

Histamine is produced from

A

Mast cells

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18
Q

What is respiratory burst

A

This is when leucocytes forms radicals and uses it to kill pathogens

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19
Q

How does neutrophils form radicals

A

Using oxygen

Oxygen ————> superoxide anion
NADPH
oxidase

Superoxide anion is converted to hydrogen peroxide
Etc

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20
Q

Radicals that don’t need oxygen to be formed in acute inflammation is

A

Elastase
Lactoferrin
Defensin
Lysozyme

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21
Q

What is margination

A

It is when. Leucocytes moves from axial flow to peripheral flow

That is close to the endothelium of blood vessels

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22
Q

Purulent inflammation is characterized by

A

Pus formation
Pus/ abscess in cavity

Found in boils

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23
Q

Serous inflammation is characterized by

A

Fluid in cavity
Fluid form plasma

Found in blisters or burns

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24
Q

Fibrinous inflammation characterized by

A

Procoagulant stimukus is present

It mainly occurs in body cavity like meninges and pleura

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25
Q

Chronic inflammation is characterized by

A

Infiltration of mononuclear cells Tissue damage
Active inflammation
Healing undergoing simultaneously

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26
Q

Granulumatous inflammation is characterized by

A

Activated macrophages around an inflammatory focus

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27
Q

What is granuloma

A

Granuloma is when there is an accumulation of activated macrophages at a site of infection

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28
Q

The formation of granuloma needs the activation of what to activate macrophages

A

Activation of T cells leads to activation of macrophages

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29
Q

Activated macrophages becomes multinucleate giant cells

A
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30
Q

Types of giant multi nucleated cells in inflammation is

A

Foreign body giant cells
Langhan giant cell
Toutons giant cells
Aschoff giant cells

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31
Q

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in xanthoma

A

Toutons giant cells

32
Q

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in tuberculosis

A

Langhan giant cells

33
Q

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in rhematic nodules

A

Aschoff giant cells

34
Q

In the giant cells formation nuclei are usually scattered throughout the cytoplasm ????

A

Foreign body giant cells

35
Q

In the giant cells formation nuclei are arranged at the periphery or forms horseshoe or ring or clustered at poles ????

A

Langhan giant cells

36
Q

These giant cells have vacoulated cytoplasm

A

Toutons giant cells

37
Q

Which of these giant cells usually forms a horseshoe or ring

Foreign body
Langhan
Toutons
Aschoff

A

Langhan giant cells

38
Q

Which of these giant cells usually have it’s nuclei scattered all round the cytoplasm

Foreign body
Langhan
Toutons
Aschoff

A

Foreign body giant cells

39
Q

What giant cells is usually found in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis

A

Langhan giant cells

40
Q

What lymphocyte propagates chronic inflammation

A

CD4 lymphocyte

41
Q

Neutrophils are found at what types of inflammation

A

Acute inflammation

42
Q

What lymphocyte is found at both acute and chronic inflammation

A

Mast cells

43
Q

What is edema

A

Accumulation of body fluid Whithin the extra vascular compartment and interstitial tissue

44
Q

Effusion means

A

Excess Fluid in body cavity eg pleura

45
Q

Transudate is

A

Edema fluid with low protein content

46
Q

Exudate is

A

Edema fluid with high protein value

47
Q

Between exudate and transudate

Which of these is inflammation involved with

A

Exudate

Inflammation is involved with exudate and not transudate

48
Q

A filterate of the blood plasma without changes to the endothelial permeability is

A

Transudate

49
Q

Pus is an okay xample of

Transudate or exudate

A

Exudate

50
Q

Oedema associated with increased vascular permeability is

A

Exudate

Or inflammation

51
Q

What is a laparotomy

A

It is an incision or cut done on the abdomen

52
Q

What direction those a laparotomy follow

A

A vertical cut

From the upper abdomen to the lower abdomen

53
Q

A surgeon cuts through the skin to remove the entire tumor is what type of biopsy

A

Excisional biopsy

54
Q

A surgeon cuts parts of a large tumor is what type of biopsy

A

Inscisional biopsy

55
Q

A cystoscope is used to look at the

A

Urethra ( urine tube) and bladder

56
Q

A hyteroscope is used to look at

A

Uterus ( womb)

57
Q

A bronchoscope is used to look at

A

Lungs bronchi

58
Q

A colonoscope is used to look at

A

Large intestine

59
Q

Dolor is

A

Pain

60
Q

Calor

A

Heat

61
Q

Tumor is

A

Swelling

62
Q

Rubor is

A

Redness

63
Q

Chemotaxis is

A

A unidirectional attraction of leucocytes with chemicals to the site of vascular damage

64
Q

Inflammation mediators that cause increased vascular permeability is

A

C3a nd C5a

65
Q

Inflammation mediators that activates chemotaxis

A

C5a

66
Q

Inflammation mediators that cause opsonisation

A

C3B and C3Bi

67
Q

What cell is predominant in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils

68
Q

What cell is predominant in chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages

69
Q

The prescence of exudate clinically shows

A

Swelling

70
Q

Acute inflammation secretes exudate into extracellular spaces

A
71
Q

Difference between monocyte and macrophages

A

Monocytes swim in the blood for 1-3days before migrating into ECF

macrophages are monocytes that have migrated

72
Q

Giant cells are formed by

A

Fusion of two or more macrophages

73
Q

Types of chronic inflammation

A

Non specific inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation

74
Q

Types of granulomatous inflammation

A

Foriegn body granuloma
Immune granuloma

75
Q

Foreign body granuloma responds to

A

Sutures
Fibers
Talc

76
Q

Fever shows what types of inflammation

A

Chronic inflammation

Morbid Anatomy (10 decks)

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