Inflammation Flashcards
Signs of inflammation
DOCTOR
D. dolor pain
O
C. Calor heat
T. Tumor swelling
O loss of function
R. Rubor. Redness
What is inflammation
Inflammation is the response the body gives when there is an injury to a vascularised body tissue
Acute inflammation is characterized by
Leukocytes and plasma protein is localized at site of infection
The phases of acute inflammation is
Vascular and cellular
Stages of vascular inflammation
Immediate vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Permeability
Margination of leukocyte
First stage in permeability of blood vessel in acute inflammation is
Endothelial constriction
Affects only veins
Results in gap formation in endothelial blood vessels
Histamin leucotrine and bradykinin are mediatiors
The second stage of permeability in acute inflammation
Mild destruction of endothelial cells
Carried out by TNF and IL 1
Result after prolonged inflammation
Affect only veins and capillaries
Results in mild permeability
In the cellular events what causes the rolling of leucocytes
Selectin
Types of selectin involved in rolling of leucocytes include
P Selectin
E Selectin
L Selectin
The preformed Selectin involved in leucocytes rolling is
P Selectin
P Selectin is formed and stored in what
Weibel palade bodies
The Selectin also involved in adhesion is called
E Selectin
Weibels palade bodies is what
The storage house for P Selectin
Rolling of leucocytes involves
When leucocytes forms a weak adhesive bond to endothelial receptors in search of an injured endothelium
What cytokine results in adhesion of leucocytes in acute inflammation
Integrin
Selectin bind to ——— on the surface of neutrophils
Sailyl Lewis x
Histamine is produced from
Mast cells
What is respiratory burst
This is when leucocytes forms radicals and uses it to kill pathogens
How does neutrophils form radicals
Using oxygen
Oxygen ————> superoxide anion
NADPH
oxidase
Superoxide anion is converted to hydrogen peroxide
Etc
Radicals that don’t need oxygen to be formed in acute inflammation is
Elastase
Lactoferrin
Defensin
Lysozyme
What is margination
It is when. Leucocytes moves from axial flow to peripheral flow
That is close to the endothelium of blood vessels
Purulent inflammation is characterized by
Pus formation
Pus/ abscess in cavity
Found in boils
Serous inflammation is characterized by
Fluid in cavity
Fluid form plasma
Found in blisters or burns
Fibrinous inflammation characterized by
Procoagulant stimukus is present
It mainly occurs in body cavity like meninges and pleura
Chronic inflammation is characterized by
Infiltration of mononuclear cells Tissue damage
Active inflammation
Healing undergoing simultaneously
Granulumatous inflammation is characterized by
Activated macrophages around an inflammatory focus
What is granuloma
Granuloma is when there is an accumulation of activated macrophages at a site of infection
The formation of granuloma needs the activation of what to activate macrophages
Activation of T cells leads to activation of macrophages
Activated macrophages becomes multinucleate giant cells
Types of giant multi nucleated cells in inflammation is
Foreign body giant cells
Langhan giant cell
Toutons giant cells
Aschoff giant cells
Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in xanthoma
Toutons giant cells
Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in tuberculosis
Langhan giant cells
Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in rhematic nodules
Aschoff giant cells
In the giant cells formation nuclei are usually scattered throughout the cytoplasm ????
Foreign body giant cells
In the giant cells formation nuclei are arranged at the periphery or forms horseshoe or ring or clustered at poles ????
Langhan giant cells
These giant cells have vacoulated cytoplasm
Toutons giant cells
Which of these giant cells usually forms a horseshoe or ring
Foreign body
Langhan
Toutons
Aschoff
Langhan giant cells
Which of these giant cells usually have it’s nuclei scattered all round the cytoplasm
Foreign body
Langhan
Toutons
Aschoff
Foreign body giant cells
What giant cells is usually found in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis
Langhan giant cells
What lymphocyte propagates chronic inflammation
CD4 lymphocyte
Neutrophils are found at what types of inflammation
Acute inflammation
What lymphocyte is found at both acute and chronic inflammation
Mast cells
What is edema
Accumulation of body fluid Whithin the extra vascular compartment and interstitial tissue
Effusion means
Excess Fluid in body cavity eg pleura
Transudate is
Edema fluid with low protein content
Exudate is
Edema fluid with high protein value
Between exudate and transudate
Which of these is inflammation involved with
Exudate
Inflammation is involved with exudate and not transudate
A filterate of the blood plasma without changes to the endothelial permeability is
Transudate
Pus is an okay xample of
Transudate or exudate
Exudate
Oedema associated with increased vascular permeability is
Exudate
Or inflammation
What is a laparotomy
It is an incision or cut done on the abdomen
What direction those a laparotomy follow
A vertical cut
From the upper abdomen to the lower abdomen
A surgeon cuts through the skin to remove the entire tumor is what type of biopsy
Excisional biopsy
A surgeon cuts parts of a large tumor is what type of biopsy
Inscisional biopsy
A cystoscope is used to look at the
Urethra ( urine tube) and bladder
A hyteroscope is used to look at
Uterus ( womb)
A bronchoscope is used to look at
Lungs bronchi
A colonoscope is used to look at
Large intestine
Dolor is
Pain
Calor
Heat
Tumor is
Swelling
Rubor is
Redness
Chemotaxis is
A unidirectional attraction of leucocytes with chemicals to the site of vascular damage
Inflammation mediators that cause increased vascular permeability is
C3a nd C5a
Inflammation mediators that activates chemotaxis
C5a
Inflammation mediators that cause opsonisation
C3B and C3Bi
What cell is predominant in acute inflammation
Neutrophils
What cell is predominant in chronic inflammation
Macrophages
The prescence of exudate clinically shows
Swelling
Acute inflammation secretes exudate into extracellular spaces
Difference between monocyte and macrophages
Monocytes swim in the blood for 1-3days before migrating into ECF
macrophages are monocytes that have migrated
Giant cells are formed by
Fusion of two or more macrophages
Types of chronic inflammation
Non specific inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation
Types of granulomatous inflammation
Foriegn body granuloma
Immune granuloma
Foreign body granuloma responds to
Sutures
Fibers
Talc
Fever shows what types of inflammation
Chronic inflammation
