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Morbid Anatomy > Cell Adaptation To Stress > Flashcards

Cell Adaptation To Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophy is

A

The increase in the size of a cell

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2
Q

Hypertrophy is done by

A

Activating the gene which produces protein and leads to the production of more cytoskeleton and organelle

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3
Q

Hyperplasia is

A

Increase in the number of cell

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4
Q

Which cell can undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Bone
Breast cell
Muscle
Endometrium

A

Muscle cell is wrong
Because it is a permanent tissue and can only undergo hypertrophy

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5
Q

Permanent tissues in the body are

A

Heart cell …myocyte
Nerves
And muscle

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6
Q

Permanent tissues in the body can only grow by and why

A

Hypertrophy
Because they don’t have stem cells to produce more cells

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7
Q

Which of these leads to cancer

Endometrium hyperplasia
Adrenal gland hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Breast cells hyperplasia

A

Begnign prostratic hyperplasia does not lead to cancer

One of the only abnormal growth that has no relation to cancer

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8
Q

In cell cycle, which phase is the quiescence phase

S1
G1
M
G0

A

G0
It allows the cells to enter another cell cycle

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9
Q

The phase in cell cycle that produces two daughter cell is

S1
G1
M
G0

A

M phase

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10
Q

The phase in cell cycle that causes dna to produce 4n chromosomes is

S1
G1
M
G0

A

S1 phase

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11
Q

The phase of protein synthesis RNA synthesis and enzyme production which is used for cell duplication is which phase

S1
G1
M
G2

A

G2

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12
Q

RNA synthesis phase and protein synthesis phase is

S1
G1
M
G0

A

G1

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13
Q

Abnormal cell growth is called

Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Carcinoma
Dysplasia

A

Dysplasia

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14
Q

Modification of cell surface is Called

A

Metaplasia

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15
Q

Atrophy is
And done by

A

Decrease in cell size

Hypertrophy by ubiquitin proteosome degradation of cytoskeleton

And autophagy of cell organelles

Hyperplasia is reversed by apoptosis

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16
Q

Aplasia is

A

No growth

17
Q

Hypoplasia is

A

Decreased cell growth

18
Q

No growth of new cell is called

Atrophy
Hypoplasia
Aplasia
Dysplasia

A

Aplasia

19
Q

Features of dysplasia

A

Nuclear pleomorphism … irregular shape and size

Nuclear hyperchromasia … nucleus dark in colour

No breachement in basement membrane

Nuclear crowding… space between cells side by side is very small

20
Q

Accumulation of lipid in cells is called

A

Steatosis

21
Q

Steatosis usually occurs in

A

Liver cell
Renal tubule
Myocardium

22
Q

Hypertrophy normally happens to what type of cells

A

Permanent cells

23
Q

Which of these cellular adaptation involves a genetic damage

Metaplasia
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia

A

Dysplasia

24
Q

What is dysplasia

A

Dysplasia is transformation of a tissue type to a more immature look

25
Q

Pathologic transformation from a fully differentiated tissue type to another tissue type is called

A

Metaplasia

26
Q

The major storage site for iron is

A

Liver and bone marrow

27
Q

Iron is stored in body in what form

A

Ferritin and hemosiderin

28
Q

Lipofusin is

A

A wear and tear pigment

This is a yellow pigment gotten from degradation of lysosome

29
Q

The wear and tear pigment is called

A

Lipofusin

30
Q

Fatty liver disease occurs due to

A

Increased supply…obesity
Decrease use of fat ….. in acholics
Overproduction of fat cells
Decreased export out of the liver ( malnutrition) not enough proteins to make apoprotein

Alchol synthesise FFA and triacylglyecride

31
Q

How many gram of iron in the body

A

3g

32
Q

Melanin is gotten from what protein

A

Tyrosine
Acted upon by tyrosinase to form DOPA

33
Q

Difference between hemochromatosis and hemosideriosis

A

Hemochromatosis is iron build up in organs that is toxic level

Hemosideriois is iron build up in organ that is not yet toxic

34
Q

Cytoplasm is acidiohillic
Nucleus is basophillic

A

Morbid Anatomy (10 decks)

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