Cell Adaptation To Stress

Question 1

Hypertrophy is

Answer 1

The increase in the size of a cell

Question 2

Hypertrophy is done by

Answer 2

Activating the gene which produces protein and leads to the production of more cytoskeleton and organelle

Question 3

Hyperplasia is

Answer 3

Increase in the number of cell

Question 4

Which cell can undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Bone
Breast cell
Muscle
Endometrium

Answer 4

Muscle cell is wrong
Because it is a permanent tissue and can only undergo hypertrophy

Question 5

Permanent tissues in the body are

Answer 5

Heart cell …myocyte
Nerves
And muscle

Question 6

Permanent tissues in the body can only grow by and why

Answer 6

Hypertrophy
Because they don’t have stem cells to produce more cells

Question 7

Which of these leads to cancer

Endometrium hyperplasia
Adrenal gland hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Breast cells hyperplasia

Answer 7

Begnign prostratic hyperplasia does not lead to cancer

One of the only abnormal growth that has no relation to cancer

Question 8

In cell cycle, which phase is the quiescence phase

S1
G1
M
G0

Answer 8

G0
It allows the cells to enter another cell cycle

Question 9

The phase in cell cycle that produces two daughter cell is

S1
G1
M
G0

Answer 9

M phase

Question 10

The phase in cell cycle that causes dna to produce 4n chromosomes is

S1
G1
M
G0

Answer 10

S1 phase

Question 11

The phase of protein synthesis RNA synthesis and enzyme production which is used for cell duplication is which phase

S1
G1
M
G2

Answer 11

G2

Question 12

RNA synthesis phase and protein synthesis phase is

S1
G1
M
G0

Answer 12

G1

Question 13

Abnormal cell growth is called

Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Carcinoma
Dysplasia

Answer 13

Dysplasia

Question 14

Modification of cell surface is Called

Answer 14

Metaplasia

Question 15

Atrophy is
And done by

Answer 15

Decrease in cell size

Hypertrophy by ubiquitin proteosome degradation of cytoskeleton

And autophagy of cell organelles

Hyperplasia is reversed by apoptosis

Question 16

Aplasia is

Answer 16

No growth

Question 17

Hypoplasia is

Answer 17

Decreased cell growth

Question 18

No growth of new cell is called

Atrophy
Hypoplasia
Aplasia
Dysplasia

Answer 18

Aplasia

Question 19

Features of dysplasia

Answer 19

Nuclear pleomorphism … irregular shape and size

Nuclear hyperchromasia … nucleus dark in colour

No breachement in basement membrane

Nuclear crowding… space between cells side by side is very small

Question 20

Accumulation of lipid in cells is called

Answer 20

Steatosis

Question 21

Steatosis usually occurs in

Answer 21

Liver cell
Renal tubule
Myocardium

Question 22

Hypertrophy normally happens to what type of cells

Answer 22

Permanent cells

Question 23

Which of these cellular adaptation involves a genetic damage

Metaplasia
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia

Answer 23

Dysplasia

Question 24

What is dysplasia

Answer 24

Dysplasia is transformation of a tissue type to a more immature look

Question 25

Pathologic transformation from a fully differentiated tissue type to another tissue type is called

Answer 25

Metaplasia

Question 26

The major storage site for iron is

Answer 26

Liver and bone marrow

Question 27

Iron is stored in body in what form

Answer 27

Ferritin and hemosiderin

Question 28

Lipofusin is

Answer 28

A wear and tear pigment This is a yellow pigment gotten from degradation of lysosome

Question 29

The wear and tear pigment is called

Answer 29

Lipofusin

Question 30

Fatty liver disease occurs due to

Answer 30

Increased supply…obesity Decrease use of fat ….. in acholics Overproduction of fat cells Decreased export out of the liver ( malnutrition) not enough proteins to make apoprotein Alchol synthesise FFA and triacylglyecride

Question 31

How many gram of iron in the body

Answer 31

3g

Question 32

Melanin is gotten from what protein

Answer 32

Tyrosine Acted upon by tyrosinase to form DOPA

Question 33

Difference between hemochromatosis and hemosideriosis

Answer 33

Hemochromatosis is iron build up in organs that is toxic level Hemosideriois is iron build up in organ that is not yet toxic

Question 34

Cytoplasm is acidiohillic Nucleus is basophillic