Inflammation Flashcards
What is inflammation
Is the body response to tissue injury and it sets the scene for restoration and repair.
Name 3 functions of inflammation
-limit the spread of pathogens for destroy them instantly
- Remove cell debris and pathogens from damage tissue.
- alerts the adaptive immune system to the threat of infection
name the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
What does heat do for inflammation and reason why
Increased blood flow result in more heat being transported by the blood to the affected area which promote metabolic rate of cells lead to faster repair.
What does redness do for inflammation and reason why
Vasodilation of blood vessels which increase blood flow. increase blood flow to area more white blood cells, inflammatory chemical deliver to site of injury.
What does swelling do for inflammation and reason why.
increase permeability of blood vessels result in more fluid leak from capillaries into the interstitial space. It limits movement of injury which enhance speed of repair.
What does pain do for inflammation and reason why
Certain chemical release from cells irritate surrounding nerve ending causing localised pain it limits the movement site which promote faster repair.
Name four stages of phagocytes that are mobilised to the injured site.
Leukocytosis
Margination
Diapedesis
Chemitaxis
What is the order of the four stages where phagocytes are mobilised to the injured site?
a) chemotaxis, diapedesis, leukocytosis, margination
b) Leukocytosis, margination, diapedesis, chemotaxis
c)Leukocytosis, chemotaxis, margination, diapedesis
b
What happen at the leukocytosis stage
leukocytosis inducing factor being released from injured cells which stimulate neutrophils to be released from red bone marrow .
What chemical is sent out when there is inflamed endothelial cells in the capillaries in the margination stage?
Cell adhesion molecules
increase number of circulating white blood cells in the body known as?
Leukocytosis
Are neutrophils a white blood cells or a red blood cell
White blood cell
what is the role of macrophages
dispose dead tissue, pathogens and be ready for repair and wound healing.
What is the mixture of dead/ dying neutrophils, pathogens called
Pus
what happens in the diapedesis stage
neutrophils flatten and squeeze through the endothelial cells of the capillary wall.
What happens at the chemotaxis
inflammatory chemical signal neutrophils and other white blood cells to move towards the site of injury to destroy pathogens.
what does neutrophils do in the margination stage
they go to where the cell adhesion molecules are and slow down and bind to the tissue briefly so become active and then this help to bind to endothelial cells.
What cells are released when tissue cells are damaged
mast cells- histamine, complement, kinins, prostaglandins
What is the process of phagocytosis
ingest unwanted bacteria or pathogens that may have invaded through a break in the surface area. e.g. cuts
What is formed before macrophages
Lysosomes
What does hyperaemia mean
Increased blood flow to the area
hyperaemia can be the sign of what inflammation
Heat
Redness
Capillaries leak fluid can be a signs of what inflammation
Pain and swelling
What can inflammatory response be caused by (Name 7)
Physical
Toxins
Bacteria
Viruses
Allergies
Stress
Foods
When chemical mediators are released histamine, complement, kinins, prostaglandin what happens
- vasodilation of arterioles
-Increased capillaries permability
-Attract neutrophils monocytes and lymphocytes to area
