Inflammation

Question 1

What is inflammation

Answer 1

Is the body response to tissue injury and it sets the scene for restoration and repair.

Question 2

Name 3 functions of inflammation

Answer 2

-limit the spread of pathogens for destroy them instantly
- Remove cell debris and pathogens from damage tissue.
- alerts the adaptive immune system to the threat of infection

Question 3

name the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation

Answer 3

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

Question 4

What does heat do for inflammation and reason why

Answer 4

Increased blood flow result in more heat being transported by the blood to the affected area which promote metabolic rate of cells lead to faster repair.

Question 5

What does redness do for inflammation and reason why

Answer 5

Vasodilation of blood vessels which increase blood flow. increase blood flow to area more white blood cells, inflammatory chemical deliver to site of injury.

Question 6

What does swelling do for inflammation and reason why.

Answer 6

increase permeability of blood vessels result in more fluid leak from capillaries into the interstitial space. It limits movement of injury which enhance speed of repair.

Question 7

What does pain do for inflammation and reason why

Answer 7

Certain chemical release from cells irritate surrounding nerve ending causing localised pain it limits the movement site which promote faster repair.

Question 8

Name four stages of phagocytes that are mobilised to the injured site.

Answer 8

Leukocytosis
Margination
Diapedesis
Chemitaxis

Question 9

What is the order of the four stages where phagocytes are mobilised to the injured site?
a) chemotaxis, diapedesis, leukocytosis, margination
b) Leukocytosis, margination, diapedesis, chemotaxis
c)Leukocytosis, chemotaxis, margination, diapedesis

Answer 9

b

Question 10

What happen at the leukocytosis stage

Answer 10

leukocytosis inducing factor being released from injured cells which stimulate neutrophils to be released from red bone marrow .

Question 11

What chemical is sent out when there is inflamed endothelial cells in the capillaries in the margination stage?

Answer 11

Cell adhesion molecules

Question 12

increase number of circulating white blood cells in the body known as?

Answer 12

Leukocytosis

Question 13

Are neutrophils a white blood cells or a red blood cell

Answer 13

White blood cell

Question 14

what is the role of macrophages

Answer 14

dispose dead tissue, pathogens and be ready for repair and wound healing.

Question 15

What is the mixture of dead/ dying neutrophils, pathogens called

Answer 15

Pus

Question 16

what happens in the diapedesis stage

Answer 16

neutrophils flatten and squeeze through the endothelial cells of the capillary wall.

Question 17

What happens at the chemotaxis

Answer 17

inflammatory chemical signal neutrophils and other white blood cells to move towards the site of injury to destroy pathogens.

Question 18

what does neutrophils do in the margination stage

Answer 18

they go to where the cell adhesion molecules are and slow down and bind to the tissue briefly so become active and then this help to bind to endothelial cells.

Question 19

What cells are released when tissue cells are damaged

Answer 19

mast cells- histamine, complement, kinins, prostaglandins

Question 20

What is the process of phagocytosis

Answer 20

ingest unwanted bacteria or pathogens that may have invaded through a break in the surface area. e.g. cuts

Question 21

What is formed before macrophages

Answer 21

Lysosomes

Question 22

What does hyperaemia mean

Answer 22

Increased blood flow to the area

Question 23

hyperaemia can be the sign of what inflammation

Answer 23

Heat
Redness

Question 24

Capillaries leak fluid can be a signs of what inflammation

Answer 24

Pain and swelling

Question 25

What can inflammatory response be caused by (Name 7)

Answer 25

Physical
Toxins
Bacteria
Viruses
Allergies
Stress
Foods

Question 26

When chemical mediators are released histamine, complement, kinins, prostaglandin what happens

Answer 26

• vasodilation of arterioles
  -Increased capillaries permability
  -Attract neutrophils monocytes and lymphocytes to area