Infiltration & Embedding Flashcards
mechanisms of solidification:
- crystallization
- evaporation of solvent
- polymerization
- paraffin & carbowax
- celloidin
- plastic
CONSIDERATIONS IN PARAFFIN PROCESSING:
Lab temp
1. room temperature
2. cold temperature
Temperature During Infiltration
1. paraffin oven: ___ higher than MP of the wax
2. beyond ___: deleterious to tissue; complete damage of lymphoid
Number of Changes
1. at least:
Clearing Agent Used
1. easy removal
2. difficult
Lab temp
1. 54–58C (56C)
2. 50-54C
Temperature During Infiltration
1. 2–5C
2. beyond 60C
Number of Changes
1. 2 changes
Clearing Agent Used
1. xylene/benzene
2. chloroform/cedarwood oil
Methods of Paraffin Impregnation
Manual Processing
1. ___ changes at 15min interval
2. ___higher than MP of wax
Automatic Processing
1. ___ changes w/ agitation
2. at least ___ higher than the MP of the wax
Vacuum Embedding
1. ____ changes
2. ____ higher than the MP of the wax
3. negative atmospheric pressure (_____ mmHg)
Manual Processing
1. 4 changes
2. 2-5C
Automatic Processing
1. 2-3 changes
2. 3C
Vacuum Embedding
1. 3 changes
2. 2-4C
3. 400-500 mmHg
Paraffin Embedding
1. melted paraffin: ____ above the MP of wax
2. cooling:
- ref at ____
- immerse in _____
- _____ w/ cold plate
- 5-10
2.
- -5
- cold water
- tissue tek
Substitutes for Paraffin Wax
- more elastic & resilient (doesn’t crumble)
- MP - soluble in 95% EA & other clearing agents
- MP - polyethylene glycols
- MP
- Paraplast
- 56-57C - Ester Wax
- 46-48 - Water Soluble Waxes
- 38-42C or 45-56C
Paraplast
1. less brittle than paraplast ( MP)
2. semisynthetic wax that is used in impregnating and
embedding eye samples
3. product of paraffin that contains rubber
- Embeddol
- Bioloid
- Tissue Mat
Carbowax
1. disadvantage: ____ reagent (highly soluble in water)
2. remedy:
- add __ or ____ on waterbath
- use floating sol’n: ____ (formalin, diethyl glycol,
dist. water)/ ____ (gelatin, K2CrO4)
- hygroscopic
- remedy:
- soap or 10% polyethylene glycol 900
- Pearse sol’n; Blank & McCarthy sol’n
CELLOIDIN/ COLLODION
1. Aka
2. available in thin (%), medium (%) & thick (_%) solutions
3. Other celloidin
- soluble in equal concentrations of ether & alcohol
- curled strips of cellulose
- Purified Pyroxylin Nitrocellulose
- Thin (2%), medium (4%) & thick (8%)
3.
- Low Viscosity
Nitrocellulose
- Parlodion
Methods of Celloidin
1. for bones, teeth large brain sections & whole organs
- thin celloidin
- medium
- thick
- storage
2. for whole eye section
- (chloroform + cedarwood oil) is added to fresh thick
celloidin during embedding
- Wet Method
- 2-4 % (5-7 days)
- 4-6 % (5-7 days)
- 8- 12 % (3-5 days)
- 70-80% alcohol - Dry Method
- Gilson’s Mixture
Types of Plastic Media
Epoxy
1. slowest
2. mid
3. fastest
**
1. for electron microscopy
**
1. for high resolution light microscopy
- valued for its hydrophilic nature
- valued for its hardness
- added as catalyst (for drying)
Epoxy
1. Araldite base (bisphenol)
2. Glycerol base (epon)
3. Cyclohexene Dioxide (spurr)
**
1. Polyester
**
1. Acrylic
- Glycol Methacrylate
- Methyl Methacrylate
- Benzoyl Peroxide
______: for histochemical & enzyme studies; delicate specimens; frozen sections
- ____ & ___ are not needed
- tissue size
- volume
- all gelatin reagents contain ____
GELATIN
- dehydration & clearing
- 2-3mm thick
- 25x
- 1% phenol