Infertility and Female causes Flashcards
how common is infertility
affects 15% of couples
what are some factors contributing to increasing incidence of infertility
older women, rise in chlamydia infections, increase in obesity
what is the definition of infertility
failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, in a couple who have never had a child
what is the difference between primary and secondary infertility
primary = have never conceived secondary = couple who have previossly conceived, even if not successfully
what are some of the factors that increase chance of conception
women <30, previous pregnancy, <3years trying, intercourse at time of ovulation, women BMI normal range, non-smokers, low caffeine and no recreational drugs
what are some anovulatory infertility causes in females
anorexia nervosa, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure
what does anovulatory infertility mean
infertility due to the absence of ovulation
what are some physiological causes of anovulatory infertility
before puberty, pregnancy, lactation, menopause
what are the endocrine features of anorexia
low FSH, LH and oestrogen
what are the endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome(POS)
high free androgens, high LH, impaired glucose tolerance
what is needed for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome(POS)
chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism
what are some of the tubal causes of infertility in females
pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis
what are the endocrine features of premature ovarian failure
high FSH, high LH, low oestradiol
what are the clinical features of premature ovarian failure
hot flushes, night sweats, atrophic vaginitis
what is hydrosalpinx
accumulation of water in fallopian tube
