Diabetes Treatment Principles Flashcards
what reasons are there to treat diabetes
prevent acute symptoms and life-threatening illness, to reduce burden of diabetes, prevent complications
what microvascular complications can be seen in diabetes if not treated
retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
what macrovascular complications can be seen in diabetes if not treated
MI/ACS, stroke, peripheral vascular disease
what is HbA1c and how is it used to monitor treatment
it is glycated haemoglobin and can be measured to see blood glucose levels over last few months
(can the used in some conditions, eg Hb pathologies)
how can HbA1c be converted from mmol/mol which we use, and % used in US and other countries
each 1% increase is increase of 11mmol/L
48mmol/mol is 6.5%
what type of management is used to prevent microvascular complication of diabetes
glucose control, aim for HbA1c < 7% or 53mmol/mol
what types of management are used to prevent cardiovascular complications of diabetes
cholesterol control, blood pressure control, antiplatelet therapy
what lifestyle changes are used as treatment for type 2 diabetes and prevention for those with pre-diabetes
increased exercise, healthier diet(eg reduce salt, increase veg etc., weight loss, low alcohol consumption
(type 2 diabetes can be overturned)
how does HbA1c level treatment aim different for those on triple therapy or insulin therapy
58mmol/mol instead of 53
what is the role of insulin secretagogues in drug treatment of diabetes
drugs that act on pancreatic beta cells to increase production
what is the role of insulin sensitisers in drug treatment of diabetes
make insulin work better
give 3 examples of insulin secretagogues
sulphonylureas, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1RA
give 2 examples of insulin sensitisers
Metformin, thiazolidenidiones
