Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
What is the strongest risk factor for developing infective endocarditis?
A previous episode of endocarditis.
What types of patients are affected by infective endocarditis?
Patients with previously normal valves, rheumatic valve disease, prosthetic valves, congenital heart defects, intravenous drug users (IVDUs), and those with recent piercings.
Which valve is most commonly affected in infective endocarditis?
The mitral valve.
What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What was historically the most common cause of infective endocarditis?
Streptococcus viridans.
What are the notable viridans streptococci associated with infective endocarditis?
Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis.
What is the association of Streptococcus bovis with health conditions?
It is associated with colorectal cancer.
What are some culture negative causes of infective endocarditis?
Prior antibiotic therapy, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella, Brucella, and HACEK organisms.
What are the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis?
Pathological criteria positive, or 2 major criteria, or 1 major and 3 minor criteria, or 5 minor criteria.
What is a major criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis?
Positive blood cultures showing typical organisms.
What is a minor criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis?
Fever > 38ºC.
What are poor prognostic factors for infective endocarditis?
Staphylococcus aureus infection, prosthetic valve, culture negative endocarditis, and low complement levels.
What is the mortality rate for staphylococci infections in infective endocarditis?
30%.
What is the suggested antibiotic therapy for native valve endocarditis?
Amoxicillin, consider adding low-dose gentamicin.
What is the indication for surgery in infective endocarditis?
Severe valvular incompetence.
