Arterial ulcers Flashcards
What are arterial ulcers?
Arterial ulcers, also known as ischemic ulcers, are chronic wounds caused by insufficient blood supply, typically due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). They are often painful and difficult to heal.
What causes arterial ulcers?
Arterial ulcers result from reduced arterial blood flow leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis, primarily caused by atherosclerosis.
What are the risk factors for arterial ulcers?
Risk factors include those for cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, embolism, and trauma.
Where are arterial ulcers typically located?
Arterial ulcers are usually found on the lower extremities, particularly over bony prominences such as the lateral malleolus, toes, and anterior tibial area.
What are the key clinical features of arterial ulcers?
Key features include small, round ulcers with well-defined edges, pain (especially at night), shiny and thin surrounding skin, diminished peripheral pulses, and cool limb temperature.
How is the diagnosis of arterial ulcers made?
Diagnosis involves physical examination, assessment of peripheral pulses, Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI), Doppler ultrasound, imaging studies, and blood tests.
What does an ABPI of less than 0.9 indicate?
An ABPI of less than 0.9 is indicative of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
What are the management strategies for arterial ulcers?
Management includes risk factor modification, optimization of blood flow, wound care, and monitoring for complications.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for risk factor modification?
Recommended changes include smoking cessation, dietary modifications, and regular exercise.
What surgical procedures may be necessary to restore blood flow?
Surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary.
What types of wound care are used for arterial ulcers?
Wound care includes debridement, appropriate dressings, and infection control with antibiotics if needed.
What is debridement?
Debridement is the removal of necrotic tissue to promote healing, which can be done surgically, enzymatically, or with specialized dressings.
