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Year 6 Cardiology > Cardiac arrest > Flashcards

Cardiac arrest Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two categories of rhythms in adult advanced life support?

A

‘Shockable’ rhythms: ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pulseless VT)

‘Non-shockable’ rhythms: asystole/pulseless-electrical activity (asystole/PEA)

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2
Q

What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilation?

A

30:2

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3
Q

What should be done while a defibrillator is charged?

A

Chest compressions are continued.

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4
Q

What is the protocol for defibrillation in VF/pulseless VT?

A

A single shock followed by 2 minutes of CPR.

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5
Q

What is recommended if cardiac arrest is witnessed in a monitored patient?

A

Up to three quick successive (stacked) shocks.

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6
Q

What is the first-line method for drug delivery during resuscitation?

A

IV access should be attempted.

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7
Q

What should be done if IV access cannot be achieved?

A

Drugs should be given via the intraosseous route (IO).

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8
Q

Is drug delivery via a tracheal tube recommended?

A

No, it is no longer recommended.

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9
Q

What is the recommended dosage of adrenaline for non-shockable rhythms?

A

Adrenaline 1 mg as soon as possible.

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10
Q

When should adrenaline be given during a VF/VT cardiac arrest?

A

Once chest compressions have restarted after the third shock.

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11
Q

How often should adrenaline be repeated during ALS?

A

Every 3-5 minutes.

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12
Q

What is the dosage of amiodarone for VF/pulseless VT after 3 shocks?

A

Amiodarone 300 mg.

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13
Q

What is the additional dosage of amiodarone after 5 shocks?

A

A further dose of amiodarone 150 mg.

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14
Q

What alternative can be used if amiodarone is not available?

A

Lidocaine.

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15
Q

When should thrombolytic drugs be considered?

A

If a pulmonary embolus is suspected.

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16
Q

What should be done if thrombolytic drugs are given?

A

CPR should be continued for an extended period of 60-90 minutes.

17
Q

Is atropine recommended for routine use in asystole or PEA?

A

No, it is no longer recommended.

18
Q

What should be done following successful resuscitation regarding oxygen?

A

Oxygen should be titrated to achieve saturations of 94-98%.

19
Q

What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest categorized as ‘Hs’?

A

Hypoxia, Hypovolaemia, Hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, acidaemia, and other metabolic disorders, Hypothermia.

20
Q

What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest categorized as ‘Ts’?

A

Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade - cardiac, Toxins.

21
Q

What is the compression:ventilation ratio for lay rescuers in paediatric basic life support?

A

The ratio is 30:2 for lay rescuers.

If there are two or more rescuers, the ratio is 15:2.

22
Q

How is an infant defined in paediatric basic life support?

A

An infant is a child under 1 year.

23
Q

How is a child defined in paediatric basic life support?

A

A child is between 1 year and puberty.

24
Q

What is the first step if you find someone unresponsive?

A

Shout for help.

25
Q

What should you do after opening the airway?

A

Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

26
Q

How many rescue breaths should be given initially?

A

Give 5 rescue breaths.

27
Q

What should you check for after giving rescue breaths?

A

Check for signs of circulation.

28
Q

Which pulse should be checked for infants?

A

Use the brachial or femoral pulse.

29
Q

Which pulse should be checked for children?

A

Use the femoral pulse.

30
Q

What is the rate of chest compressions for infants and children?

A

Chest compressions should be 100-120 per minute.

31
Q

What is the required depth for chest compressions in infants?

A

Depress the lower half of the sternum by at least one-third of the anterior-posterior dimension of the chest, approximately 4 cm.

32
Q

What is the required depth for chest compressions in children?

A

Depress the lower half of the sternum.

33
Q

What technique should be used for chest compressions in infants?

A

Use a two-thumb encircling technique.

Year 6 Cardiology (36 decks)

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