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infectious of cats Flashcards

1
Q

main mode of transmission of bartonella

A

fleas

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2
Q

T/F

bartonella is most common in dry, cooler temp regions

A

FALSE – warm and humid places

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3
Q

what is the flea that transmits bartonella

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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4
Q

T/F

bartonella are extracellular bacteria and are detected on erythrocyes

A

FAlse - intracellular bacteria – detected in erythrocytes.

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5
Q

most reliable dx test for bartonella

A

blood culture

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6
Q

public health concern with bartonella

A

cat scratch fever

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7
Q

gram negative, hemotropic mycoplasma are wall-less bacterial organisms that attach and grow on the surface of red blood cells

A

mycoplasma spp

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8
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis causes this main clinical sign

A

anemia

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9
Q

how is mycoplasma transmitted

A

Blood sucking arthropods and fleas
Horizontal transmission through fighting and saliva
Transmission from queen to kitten (In utero, at birth or through nursing)

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10
Q

what are the two ways mycoplasma causes hemolytic anemia

A
  1. Immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes

2. intra/extravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

drug given to decrease erythrophagocytosis in severely anemic animals

A

prednisone

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12
Q

where does feline panleukopenia virus like to replicate

A

rapidly dividing cells

Lymphoid tissue, bone marrow and intestinal mucosa

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13
Q

diagnosing feline panleukopenia virus

A

clinical signs and leukopenia
4x titre rise
fecal antigen test
pcr

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14
Q

FIP results from

A

immune mediated vasculitis from coronavirus

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15
Q

T/f

feline coronavirus is a single stranded rna virus

A

TRUE

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16
Q

most common serotype of feline coronavirus

A

type 1 - unique to cats

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17
Q

why is FIP more common these days

A

cats are living indoors, living in shleters, larger numbers, pure breeds unbalanced diets ect

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18
Q

feline coronavirus is shed in feces __ days post infection

A

2 days PI

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19
Q

how long does it take the majority of cats to clear feline coronavirus

A

2-3 months

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20
Q

transmission of feline coronavirus

A

cat to cat feces - multi-cat houses

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21
Q

cell mediated response in a FeCoV infection

A

prevents infection

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22
Q

absent CMI and strong humoral immune response in a cat with FeCoV

A

effusive FIP develops

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23
Q

Intermediated CMI response in FeCoV cat

A

non-effusive/dry FIP – lesions in eye and CNS as protected from immune system

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24
Q

T/F

cats get peritonitis

A

false

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25
efffusive FIP signs
Abdominal distension/ ascites • Bright or dull • Anorexic or eating normally • Mild pyrexia, weight loss, dyspnea, tachypnea • Mucosal pallor/ icterus • Muffled heart sounds/ pericardial effusions • Abdominal masses palpable
26
non-effusive FIP signs
• Chronic manifestation – vague clinical signs • Mild pyrexia, weight loss, dullness, depressed appetite • Icterus • Intraocular lesions • Iritis • Aqueous flare/ cloudiness of anterior chamber • Keratic precipitates • Retinal haemorrhage/ detatchment • Pulmonary signs – dyspnea/ tachypnea • CNS – non-suppurative granulomatous meningitis 
27
gold standard test for feline coronavirus
histopath for vasculitis
28
what is usually the effusion in effusive FIP
modified transudate albumin: globulin ratio is usually < 0.45 clear and viscous due to high protein
29
T/F | low AGP levels aid in the diagnosis of FeCoV
FALSE -- High AGP levels do
30
T/F | RT-PCR if positive, is highly suggestive of FeCoV infection and is very sensitive on effusions
TRUE
31
T/F | all cats can and should receive the vaccine for FeCoV
FALSE -- if a cat is already incubating the disease DO NOT vaccinate it antibody testing prior to vax is essential
32
Retrovirus, single stranded RNA protected by an envelop that is worldwide in cats
FeLV
33
T/F | FeLV virus needs DNA for replication – so incorporates into the hosts’ own DNA
TRUE
34
what gag protein is used for antigen testing of FeLV
p27
35
how is FeLV transmitted
* Spread through close contact virus shedding cats and susceptible cats * Spread through saliva (predominantly) and also blood * Horizontal spread – predominantly * Vertical spread from FeLV viremic cats * Kittens infected transplacentally or through nursing
36
abortive infection stage of FeLV
These cats never get the virus, they have high levels of neutralizing antibodies in circulation
37
these cats have an effective immune response and while they initially test positive for p27, in a 3-6 weeks they will have cleared the virus
regressive infection FeLV the pcr will still pick up the virus since it has been incorporated into their genome
38
when the FeLV is not contained and extensive replication occurs because the immune system is not strong enough to clear the virus -- what stage of infection is this
progressive -- the cats remain persistently viremic
39
T/F | cats with progressive FeLV usually live longer than 3 years
false - die
40
what is the focal/atypical type of FeLV infection
rarely natural | isolated to specific tissues
41
clinical signs associated with FeLV
* Hematopoietic malignancy * Myelosuppression * Infectious diseases * Various co-infections (FIP, FIV), upper respiratory infection, hemotropic mycoplasmosis and stomatitis most common * Fading kitten syndrome * Neuropathy
42
Diagnosis FeLV
test for p27 ANTIGEN on elisa can do a nucleic acid detection if you suspect regressive form in cats with lymphoma or chronically inflamed gingival lesions
43
how does Feline IFN-ω work for FeLV therapy
can lessen clinical signs and help cat survive longer
44
how is FIV transmitted
it is in saliva and blood --bites and fighting cats
45
T/F | FIV is in high concentrations in milk and so the kittens get it from their mothers while nursinf
FALSE -- yes it is in high concentrations -- but kittens rarely get it from nursing mom because the stomach contents break down the virus and it will never go systemically
46
where does FIV originally replicate
tissues rich in lymphocytes -- thymus, spleen, lymph nodes | FIV also spread to lymphocytes and macrophages in bone marrow, lung, intestinal tract, brain and kidney
47
how long are viral antibodies detectable post FIV infection
2 to 4 weeks
48
T/F | FIV affects both CD+4 and CD8+ cells
true
49
clinical signs of the acute phase FIV
* Fever, malaise * Lymphadenopathy * Enteritis, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis, dermatitis
50
T/F | clinical pathology is the best diagnostic tool for FIV
false - often non-specific findings
51
Most cats produce antibodies to FIV in ____ days and the test for antibodies is very sensitive
60 days
52
If a 4 month old kitten tests positive for FIV you tell the owner it has FIV?!?!
no... it can test positive from having the mom's antibodies for 6 months, tell the owner to come back and get retested after 6 months old to be sure!
53
what test can differentiate FIV vaccinated vs FIV cats
ELISA
54
antiviral chemotherapy drug
AZT - prolongs life expectancy
55
what stage of toxoplasma is excreted in feces
oocysts
56
intracellular coccidian parasite
toxoplasma gondii
57
T/F | toxoplasma is more prevalent in younger animals
false - older animals
58
how is toxo transmitted
congenital ingestion of infected tissues oocysts in contaminated food/water raw meat diets
59
how many days is the Enteroepithelial life cycle of toxoplasma
3 - 10 days
60
who is the host of the Enteroepithelial life cycle
the definitive host -- gets from ingestion of intermediate host with bradyzoites/cytsts cats are the definitive host
61
Extra-intestinal life cycle of toxoplasma
after ingestion of tissue cyst | sporozoites released -- tachyzoites reproduce intracellularly and then encyst and bradyzoites in tissues, muscles, CNS
62
Naïve cats that ingest toxo bradyzoites can develop self-limiting _____ bowel diarrhea
small
63
which kittens typically have systemic spread of toxoplasma
ones who got toxo transplacentally or lactationally - fading kitten syndrom - pneumonia, heptatitis, meningitis - ascites - anterior uveitis
64
signs in older cats with more chronic toxo
Hyperesthesia on muscle palpation, stiff gait, shifting-leg lameness Myocarditis
65
what is seen on thoracic radiographs of toxoplasmosis
diffuse interstitial to alveolar pattern with a mottled lobar distribution
66
T/F | 20% of cats shed oocyts for toxoplasmosis
FALSE - <1%
67
what drugs may lower the release of toxo oocys in feces
monensin | toltrazuril
68
Spread from cat to cat through shared cat litter boxes
Tritrichomonas fetus
69
Waxing and waning large bowel diarrhea that occasionally contains fresh blood
Tritrichomonas fetus
70
Tritrichomonas foetus treatment
Ronidazole
71
vector borne hemoprotozoan parasite • Predominantly in south-eastern and mid-atlantic regions, it is spreading across the USA
cyautizoon felis
72
Cytauxzoon felis vector
Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus | sanguineus
73
T/F | only immunocomprimised cats with show sickness from Cytauxzoon felis
FLASE
74
pathogenesis of Cytauxzoon felis
Erythrocytes take up merozoites by endocytosis – producing classical piroplasms leading to hemolysis
75
Cytauxzoonosis clinical signs occur how many weeks after transmission
1-3 weeks
76
Cytauxzoonosis clinical signs in cats
Increase vocalisation, weakness, icterus, dark yellow urine, resp. distress, obtunded mentation or even seizures pyrexia: 103-107fever can develop DIC
77
you do a peripheral blood smear and see Piroplasma that are signet ring shaped and schizonts in mononuclear cells
Cytauxzoonosis - parasitemia can do PCR to confirm
78
Sporothrix schenkii treatment
itraconozole and saturated KI solution

small animal medicine (6 decks)

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