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small animal medicine > infectious of cats > Flashcards

infectious of cats Flashcards

1
Q

main mode of transmission of bartonella

A

fleas

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2
Q

T/F

bartonella is most common in dry, cooler temp regions

A

FALSE – warm and humid places

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3
Q

what is the flea that transmits bartonella

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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4
Q

T/F

bartonella are extracellular bacteria and are detected on erythrocyes

A

FAlse - intracellular bacteria – detected in erythrocytes.

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5
Q

most reliable dx test for bartonella

A

blood culture

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6
Q

public health concern with bartonella

A

cat scratch fever

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7
Q

gram negative, hemotropic mycoplasma are wall-less bacterial organisms that attach and grow on the surface of red blood cells

A

mycoplasma spp

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8
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis causes this main clinical sign

A

anemia

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9
Q

how is mycoplasma transmitted

A

Blood sucking arthropods and fleas
Horizontal transmission through fighting and saliva
Transmission from queen to kitten (In utero, at birth or through nursing)

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10
Q

what are the two ways mycoplasma causes hemolytic anemia

A
  1. Immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes

2. intra/extravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

drug given to decrease erythrophagocytosis in severely anemic animals

A

prednisone

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12
Q

where does feline panleukopenia virus like to replicate

A

rapidly dividing cells

Lymphoid tissue, bone marrow and intestinal mucosa

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13
Q

diagnosing feline panleukopenia virus

A

clinical signs and leukopenia
4x titre rise
fecal antigen test
pcr

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14
Q

FIP results from

A

immune mediated vasculitis from coronavirus

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15
Q

T/f

feline coronavirus is a single stranded rna virus

A

TRUE

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16
Q

most common serotype of feline coronavirus

A

type 1 - unique to cats

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17
Q

why is FIP more common these days

A

cats are living indoors, living in shleters, larger numbers, pure breeds unbalanced diets ect

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18
Q

feline coronavirus is shed in feces __ days post infection

A

2 days PI

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19
Q

how long does it take the majority of cats to clear feline coronavirus

A

2-3 months

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20
Q

transmission of feline coronavirus

A

cat to cat feces - multi-cat houses

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21
Q

cell mediated response in a FeCoV infection

A

prevents infection

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22
Q

absent CMI and strong humoral immune response in a cat with FeCoV

A

effusive FIP develops

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23
Q

Intermediated CMI response in FeCoV cat

A

non-effusive/dry FIP – lesions in eye and CNS as protected from immune system

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24
Q

T/F

cats get peritonitis

A

false

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25
Q

efffusive FIP signs

A

Abdominal distension/ ascites
• Bright or dull
• Anorexic or eating normally
• Mild pyrexia, weight loss, dyspnea, tachypnea
• Mucosal pallor/ icterus
• Muffled heart sounds/ pericardial effusions
• Abdominal masses palpable

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26
Q

non-effusive FIP signs

A

• Chronic manifestation – vague clinical signs
• Mild pyrexia, weight loss, dullness, depressed appetite
• Icterus
• Intraocular lesions
• Iritis
• Aqueous flare/ cloudiness of anterior chamber
• Keratic precipitates
• Retinal haemorrhage/ detatchment
• Pulmonary signs – dyspnea/ tachypnea
• CNS – non-suppurative granulomatous meningitis


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27
Q

gold standard test for feline coronavirus

A

histopath for vasculitis

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28
Q

what is usually the effusion in effusive FIP

A

modified transudate
albumin: globulin ratio is usually < 0.45

clear and viscous due to high protein

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29
Q

T/F

low AGP levels aid in the diagnosis of FeCoV

A

FALSE – High AGP levels do

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30
Q

T/F

RT-PCR if positive, is highly suggestive of FeCoV infection and is very sensitive on effusions

A

TRUE

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31
Q

T/F

all cats can and should receive the vaccine for FeCoV

A

FALSE – if a cat is already incubating the disease DO NOT vaccinate it

antibody testing prior to vax is essential

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32
Q

Retrovirus, single stranded RNA protected by an envelop that is worldwide in cats

A

FeLV

33
Q

T/F

FeLV virus needs DNA for replication – so incorporates into the hosts’ own DNA

A

TRUE

34
Q

what gag protein is used for antigen testing of FeLV

A

p27

35
Q

how is FeLV transmitted

A
  • Spread through close contact virus shedding cats and susceptible cats
  • Spread through saliva (predominantly) and also blood
  • Horizontal spread – predominantly
  • Vertical spread from FeLV viremic cats
  • Kittens infected transplacentally or through nursing
36
Q

abortive infection stage of FeLV

A

These cats never get the virus, they have high levels of neutralizing antibodies in circulation

37
Q

these cats have an effective immune response and while they initially test positive for p27, in a 3-6 weeks they will have cleared the virus

A

regressive infection FeLV

the pcr will still pick up the virus since it has been incorporated into their genome

38
Q

when the FeLV is not contained and extensive replication occurs because the immune system is not strong enough to clear the virus – what stage of infection is this

A

progressive – the cats remain persistently viremic

39
Q

T/F

cats with progressive FeLV usually live longer than 3 years

A

false - die

40
Q

what is the focal/atypical type of FeLV infection

A

rarely natural

isolated to specific tissues

41
Q

clinical signs associated with FeLV

A
  • Hematopoietic malignancy
  • Myelosuppression
  • Infectious diseases
  • Various co-infections (FIP, FIV), upper respiratory infection, hemotropic mycoplasmosis and stomatitis most common
  • Fading kitten syndrome
  • Neuropathy
42
Q

Diagnosis FeLV

A

test for p27 ANTIGEN on elisa

can do a nucleic acid detection if you suspect regressive form in cats with lymphoma or chronically inflamed gingival lesions

43
Q

how does Feline IFN-ω work for FeLV therapy

A

can lessen clinical signs and help cat survive longer

44
Q

how is FIV transmitted

A

it is in saliva and blood –bites and fighting cats

45
Q

T/F

FIV is in high concentrations in milk and so the kittens get it from their mothers while nursinf

A

FALSE – yes it is in high concentrations – but kittens rarely get it from nursing mom because the stomach contents break down the virus and it will never go systemically

46
Q

where does FIV originally replicate

A

tissues rich in lymphocytes – thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

FIV also spread to lymphocytes and macrophages in bone marrow, lung, intestinal tract, brain and kidney

47
Q

how long are viral antibodies detectable post FIV infection

A

2 to 4 weeks

48
Q

T/F

FIV affects both CD+4 and CD8+ cells

A

true

49
Q

clinical signs of the acute phase FIV

A
  • Fever, malaise
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Enteritis, respiratory tract disease, stomatitis, dermatitis
50
Q

T/F

clinical pathology is the best diagnostic tool for FIV

A

false - often non-specific findings

51
Q

Most cats produce antibodies to FIV in ____ days and the test for antibodies is very sensitive

A

60 days

52
Q

If a 4 month old kitten tests positive for FIV you tell the owner it has FIV?!?!

A

no… it can test positive from having the mom’s antibodies for 6 months, tell the owner to come back and get retested after 6 months old to be sure!

53
Q

what test can differentiate FIV vaccinated vs FIV cats

A

ELISA

54
Q

antiviral chemotherapy drug

A

AZT - prolongs life expectancy

55
Q

what stage of toxoplasma is excreted in feces

A

oocysts

56
Q

intracellular coccidian parasite

A

toxoplasma gondii

57
Q

T/F

toxoplasma is more prevalent in younger animals

A

false - older animals

58
Q

how is toxo transmitted

A

congenital
ingestion of infected tissues
oocysts in contaminated food/water
raw meat diets

59
Q

how many days is the Enteroepithelial life cycle of toxoplasma

A

3 - 10 days

60
Q

who is the host of the Enteroepithelial life cycle

A

the definitive host – gets from ingestion of intermediate host with bradyzoites/cytsts

cats are the definitive host

61
Q

Extra-intestinal life cycle of toxoplasma

A

after ingestion of tissue cyst

sporozoites released – tachyzoites reproduce intracellularly and then encyst and bradyzoites in tissues, muscles, CNS

62
Q

Naïve cats that ingest toxo bradyzoites can develop self-limiting _____ bowel diarrhea

A

small

63
Q

which kittens typically have systemic spread of toxoplasma

A

ones who got toxo transplacentally or lactationally

  • fading kitten syndrom
  • pneumonia, heptatitis, meningitis
  • ascites
  • anterior uveitis
64
Q

signs in older cats with more chronic toxo

A

Hyperesthesia on muscle palpation, stiff gait, shifting-leg lameness
Myocarditis

65
Q

what is seen on thoracic radiographs of toxoplasmosis

A

diffuse interstitial to alveolar pattern with a mottled lobar distribution

66
Q

T/F

20% of cats shed oocyts for toxoplasmosis

A

FALSE - <1%

67
Q

what drugs may lower the release of toxo oocys in feces

A

monensin

toltrazuril

68
Q

Spread from cat to cat through shared cat litter boxes

A

Tritrichomonas fetus

69
Q

Waxing and waning large bowel diarrhea that occasionally contains fresh blood

A

Tritrichomonas fetus

70
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus treatment

A

Ronidazole

71
Q

vector borne hemoprotozoan parasite
• Predominantly in south-eastern and mid-atlantic regions, it is
spreading across the USA

A

cyautizoon felis

72
Q

Cytauxzoon felis vector

A

Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus

sanguineus

73
Q

T/F

only immunocomprimised cats with show sickness from Cytauxzoon felis

A

FLASE

74
Q

pathogenesis of Cytauxzoon felis

A

Erythrocytes take up merozoites by endocytosis – producing classical piroplasms leading to hemolysis

75
Q

Cytauxzoonosis clinical signs occur how many weeks after transmission

A

1-3 weeks

76
Q

Cytauxzoonosis clinical signs in cats

A

Increase vocalisation, weakness, icterus, dark yellow urine, resp. distress, obtunded mentation or even seizures

pyrexia: 103-107fever

can develop DIC

77
Q

you do a peripheral blood smear and see Piroplasma that are signet ring shaped
and schizonts in mononuclear cells

A

Cytauxzoonosis - parasitemia

can do PCR to confirm

78
Q

Sporothrix schenkii treatment

A

itraconozole and saturated KI solution

small animal medicine (6 decks)

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