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small animal medicine > infectious diseases of dogs > Flashcards

infectious diseases of dogs Flashcards

1
Q

bacterial infection from raw chicken

A

salmonellosis

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2
Q

gull wing shaped gram negative bacteria

A

campylobacter

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3
Q

gram negative bacteria that lives in the stomach and produces high levels of urease to survive in low PH

A

heliobacter

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4
Q

histo eval for helicobacter

A

gastric biopsy

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5
Q

helicobacter clinical signs

A

may of may not cause chronic gastritis

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6
Q

treatment for helicobacter

A

2 antibiotics and an anti-acid
Amoxicillin, metronidazole and omeprazole
Amoxicillin, metronidazole and famotidine

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7
Q

T/F

both dogs and cats are susceptible to brucella

A

false - cats are resistant

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8
Q

how is brucella transmitted

A

through aborted fetal material, semen, urine, milk, possible orally or conjunctivally

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9
Q

how long does bacteremia of brucellosis last

A

1-4 weeks

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10
Q

this bacterial infection in dogs can cause discospondylosis and anterior uveitis

A

brucellosis

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11
Q

How to treat brucella

A

STERILIZE THE ANIMAL – hard to eradicate

doxycycline and IM strepomycin and retest every 6-9 months until cleared

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12
Q

titer of brucella can stay positive for how long

A

up to 3 years

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13
Q

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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14
Q

deer tick and vector of lyme disease

A

Ixodes scapularis

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15
Q

when does the host become infected with lyme disease

A

48-50 hours post attachment - once tick is engorged

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16
Q

Help the bacterium adhere to the midgut

of infected ticks in lyme

A

outer surface protein A

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17
Q

b burgdorferi protein that moves into ticks saliva when it senses the warm blood and skin

A

outer surface protein C

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18
Q

how does b burgdorferi evade the hosts immune systems

A

it is extracellular – and it sequestered in the joints, fibroblasts, astrocytes, and can survive for long periods

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19
Q

what percent of dogs do not develop clinical signs of lyme disease

A

90-95%

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20
Q

how long does it take for Borrelia burgdorferi signs to develop

A

2-5 months

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21
Q

signs of Borrelia burgdorferi

A 
fever 
lymphadenopathy 
meningitis 
glomerulopathy 
myocarditis 
arthritis
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22
Q

most common clinical sign of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Non-erosive polyarthritis – do a joint fluid saporation cytology

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23
Q

what is the pathognomatic test for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

none

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24
Q

what antibody is tested for in Borrelia burgdorferi

A

protein C6 antibody

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25
Q

Do you treat this:

The dog that tests positive on the C6 snap test and has clinical signs of Lyme

A

YES

dont treat if no clinical signs (90-95% of dogs)

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26
Q

drug of choice for lyme

A

doxycycline/ minocycline

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27
Q

what vaccines are available for lyme

A

Osp-A vaccines and whole-cell bacterins are available

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28
Q

T/F

direct transmission is the most common way to get leptospirosis

A

false indirect is – contaminated food water and soil

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29
Q

what conditions does lepto like

A

 Slow moving warm water
 Soil pH neutral or slightly alkaline
 Urine with higher pH
 Ambient temperatures of 0oC to 25 oC

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30
Q

incubation period of leptoispirosis

A

3-7 days

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31
Q

T/F

leptospirosis can cross the placenta

A

true

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32
Q

why is lepto culturing rarely done

A

too long, fastidious bacteria

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33
Q

metoclopramide, maropitant are both

A

anti-emetics

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34
Q

how to treat lepto

A

give doxycycline PO or IV for 2 weeks BID

if doxy cant be tolerated give pencillin G

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35
Q

clostridium botulinum is gram ___

A

positive / anaerobic

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36
Q

what do the toxins of botulism do

A

Prevent presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

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37
Q

how does the clostridium botulinum toxin enter the body of the host

A

ingestion of the performed toxin

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38
Q

why is the anti-toxin for clostridium botulinum not effective

A

it does not contain the specific type C antitoxin

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39
Q

what two anti-baterials are used for clostridium botulinum tx

A

metronidazole or penicillins

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40
Q

C. tetani toxin that causes hemolysis of erythrocytes

A

Tetanoleptin

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41
Q

C. tetani toxin that cause neurological dysfunction

A

tetanospasm

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42
Q

tetanospasm inhibits the release of 1. ____ and 2. _____ (these are inhibitory neurotransmittors)

A
  1. glycine
  2. γ-aminobutyric acid

-

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43
Q 
which of these is not a clinical sign of tetanus 
Ear drawn back
Sardonic grin
Trismus 
Salivation
respiratory compromise and convulsions 
Dysphagia
ambulatory but rigid gait
opisthotonus
A

they are all clinical signs LOL tricked ya

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44
Q

what might thoracic radiographs show in a dog with tetanus

A

megaesophagus

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45
Q

T/F

it is common to dx tetanus by isolating the bacterium from a wound

A

FALSE – this is difficult to do

dx is done by clinical signs, LS neutrophilia

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46
Q

how long does it take for the tetanospasm toxin to wear off

A

3-4 weeks

give supportive care in the meantime and metro/penicillins bc this is a gram positive

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47
Q

best way to administer anti toxin for tetanus

A

intramuscular

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48
Q

Clostridium difficile top clinical sign

A

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea

-Small and/or large bowel diarrhea signs

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49
Q

t/F

normal dogs can have Clostridium difficile

A

true

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50
Q

gold standard test for Clostridium difficile

A

cell culture and cytotoxicity assay detection of the fecal toxin

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51
Q

C. difficile treatment

A

Metronidazole (10-15mg/kg BID) for 5 days

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52
Q

Mycoplasma haemocanis is transmitted by what

A

through the brown tick – Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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53
Q

what is required for there to be clinical signs shown from mycoplasma hemocanis

A

SPLENECTOMY

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54
Q

diagnosis and treatment for mycoplasma hemocanis

A

PCR or find the organism on a blood smear

and doxycycline

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55
Q

how is bartenellosis likely spread

A

dog bites and cat scratches

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56
Q

FA testing for bartanellosis is ___% sensitive

A

50%

also can have cross reactions with rickettsia spp

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57
Q

name the species Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsia

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58
Q

name the species

Monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis

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59
Q

name the species

Granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis

A

E. ewingii

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60
Q

name the species Granulocytotrophic anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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61
Q

name the species: salmon poisoning

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

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62
Q

name the species

Thrombocytotropic anaplasmosis

A

A. platys

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63
Q

what cells does A. platys live in

A

platelets

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64
Q

what species does A. phagocytophilum live in

A

neutrophils

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65
Q

what species does E/ ewingii live in

A

neutrophils

66
Q

what cells does E. canis live in

A

monocytes

67
Q

what cells does neorickettsia live in

A

monocytes

68
Q

where does rickettsia replicate

A

the endothelial cells –results in vascular damage and increased vascular permeability

69
Q

T/F

clinical signs of vasculitis are petechial bleeding and peripheral edema

A

true – this is because there are lower platelets and albumin

70
Q

E. canis vector

A

Rhipicephalus spp,

Amblyomma americanum

71
Q

target tissues of E. Canis

A

spleen, liver and lymph nodes

72
Q

which rickettsial disease causes cyclic thrombocytopenia

A

A. platys because it lives in the platelets

73
Q

A. phagocytophilum vectors

A

ixodes spp

74
Q

vector of A. platys

A

Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor spp.

75
Q

rocky mt spotted fever vector

A

Dermacentor variabilis – this is a tick carrying a rickettsial dz

76
Q

T/F

RMSF can be diagnosed on a blood smear

A

FALSE – need pcr or skin biopsies

77
Q

T/F

with rickettsial diseases you will see hyperalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia

A

FALSE – there will be Low ALB and HIGH GLOB

78
Q

what cardiac signs are seen with rickettsial disease

A

AV blocks, tachycardia and arrhythmias

79
Q

which species of rickettsial disease is most likely to cause chronic disease

A

E. canis – Body cannot eliminate them or treatment doesn’t eliminate them

80
Q

rickettsial disease treatment

A

doxycycline - 5-10mg/kg/day PO for 2-3 weeks

81
Q

you get this from Ingestion of fish with a fluke containing the rickettsia

A

salmon poisoning – neorickettsia

82
Q

what states is neorickettsia prominent in

A

WA, OR, CA

83
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoeca diagnosis

A

fecal float for the fluke eggs

84
Q

salmon poisoning signs

A

Fever, serous to purulent ocular discharge with associated periorbital edema, vomiting and diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

85
Q

RNA virus which is very susceptible in the environment

A

canine distemper

86
Q

how is canine distemper virus spread

A

via water droplets – then upper resp tract epithelium and replicates in macrophages – spreads to lymphatics in tonsils and bronchial lymph nodes

87
Q

By ____ days PI, canine distemper viral number increases in tonsils and retropharyngeal and bronchial LNs

A

2-4 days

88
Q

how many days post infection does canine distemper take to reach the CNS And epithelial tissues

A

8-9

89
Q 
see a dog with these clinical signs what are you thinking?
bilateral serous oculonasal discharge
coughing and dyspnea
Biphasic pyrexia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
digital hyperkaratosis
A

Canine distemper – will also see vesicles and diarrhea

potentially seizures and meningeal inflammation

90
Q

what age unvaccinated puppy would have you suscpicious about distemper if showing signs

A

3-6 months

91
Q

what is seen in a peripheral blood smear if a dog has distemper

A

intracytoplasmic distemper inclusion bodies within erythrocytes

92
Q

prognosis for distemper

A

poor - can only give supportive care and seizure meds

93
Q

most common vaccine used for distemper to provide a strong immunity

A

modified live vaccine

94
Q

how often do dogs need revaccinated for distemper

A

every 3 years after the initial puppy series

95
Q

what is the public health risk of distemper

A

Pagets disease

96
Q

canine adenovirus 1 is highly resistant to the environment what are the best ways to inactivate it

A

Steam cleaning is effective

Iodine, phenol and sodium hydroxide – disinfectants (all caustic)

97
Q

where is cav-1 found in the body 2 weeks PI and how long is it shed for

A

kidneys – excreted in the urine for 6-9 months

98
Q

how is cav1 contracted and where does it replicate initally in the body

A

oronasal route – replicates in the tonsils then goes to the blood

there is severe viremia for 4-8 days PI

99
Q

CAV1 prime targets of viral localization and injury

A

Hepatic parenchyma cells, vascular endothelium and CNS

100
Q

by what day PI do antibodies start to form to CAV1 and the body starts to rid of it

A

day 7

101
Q

T/F

icterus is a defining clinical sing of CAV-1

A

FALSE – disease acts too quickly and kills before icterus can happen – this is UNCOMMON

102
Q

what can be seen as a clinical sign in dogs that recover from CAV1 infections

A

“blue eye” – corneal edema / anterior uveitis

also called infectious canine hepatitis

103
Q

CAV-2

A

respiratory disease

104
Q

non-enveloped DNA virus that required rapidly dividing cells for replication and is highly contagious, often fatal, very stable and resistant in the environment

A

canine parvovirus

105
Q

what is the incubation period of canine parvoviruse

A

1-5 days

106
Q

canine parvovirus clinical signs

A 
vomiting 
yellow hemorrhagic diarrhea 
anorexia 
severe dehydration
death in 2 days 
severe leukopenia -- targets bone marrow
107
Q

how to detect the canine parvovirus organism for diagnosis

A

fecal ELISA ANTIGEN test

or fecal pcr

108
Q

duration of immunity to canine parvovirus with vaccination

A

3-7 years

109
Q

how long is the canine parvovirus shed and how long does it persist in the environment

A

it is shed short term – 4 to 5 days
persists in the environment greater than 5 months

SO if someones puppy dies from parvo they should wait to get a new one or seriously clean their home

110
Q

incubation of canine coronavirus

A

1-4 days

111
Q

T/F

canine coronavirus is highly contagious and can only be found in dogs with diarrhea

A

FALSE – highly contagious but dogs with and without diarrhea can have it

112
Q

feces orange in colour, malodorous and infrequently contain blood

A

coronavirus

113
Q

Enteric coronavirus signs

A

diarrhea and loss of appetite

114
Q

Pantropic coronavirus clinical signs

A

ataxia and seizures

leukopenia

115
Q

T/F

puppies with coronavirus almost always die

A

FALSE - death is uncommon

116
Q

what age dog does canine rotavirus infect

A

puppies less than 12 weeks – gives mild diarrhea

117
Q

causing tissue necrosis and localised mucosal or

generalised infections in young or immunocompromised animals

A

cytocidal

canine herpes virus is cytocidal!!

118
Q

T/F

canine herpes virus is very stable in the environment

A

no

119
Q

how do puppies get canine herpes virus

A

Pups gets infected in utero
from passage through birth canal
contact with litter mates
oronasal secretions from dam

120
Q

less than 1 week old puppy that gets herpes

A

fatal generalized infection

121
Q

puppy more than 2 weeks old that gets herpes

A

mild or inapparant infection

122
Q

herpes replication in older dogs is restricted to what locations/tissues

A

nasopharynx, genital tract, tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, bronchial lymph nodes, conjunctival tissue and occasionally the lungs

123
Q

T/F

in utero infections of canine herpes virus can result in stillbirths and abortions

A

true

124
Q

what does the systemic infection of canine herpes virus cause

A

DIC
thromobocyotpenia
multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis

125
Q

Lyssavirus, enveloped RNA, bullet-shaped

A

rabies virus

126
Q

where is rabies carried / transmitted

A

saliva

127
Q

rabies cns signs develop how many weeks post infection

A

3-8 weeks

128
Q

which phase of rabies:

Apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever

A

prodromal (2-3 days)

129
Q

what phase of rabies:

fractious animals get very affectionate

A

prodromal (2-3 days)

130
Q

which rabies phase:

Increase response, bite at objects, photophobic, hyperesthetic

A

Furious/ psychotic type (1-7 days)

animals also are restless and roam

131
Q

which phase of rabies:
• Cranial nerve paralysis, hypersalivation, inability to swallow
• Paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death

A

Paralytic/ dump type (1-10 days)

132
Q

also known as Aujesky’s disease, mad itch and infectious bulbar paralysis

A

pseudorabies

133
Q

T/F

pseudorabies is an RNA virus

A

false - DNA

134
Q

how do dogs get pseudorabies

A

ingestion of contaminated pork products

135
Q

incubation of pseudorabies

A

3-6 days

136
Q

T/F

pseudorabies is always fatal

A

TRUE

137
Q

what are the major clinical signs of pseudorabies

A

self mutilation - erythema
Trismus, paresis and paralysis of facial muscles, head tilt, difficulty in swallowing
aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions

138
Q

motile, active form of giardia

A

trophozoite

139
Q

resistant stage, contain two incompletely separated trophozoites of giardia

A

cysts

140
Q

what stage of giardia is ingested

A

the cyst – they excyst in the help of gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes

141
Q

best drug for giardia

A

Fenbendazole 50mg/kg PO once daily for 5d

142
Q

how is crypto spread

A

fecal-oral route

Oocytes excyst –> release sporozoites –> become trophozoites which proliferate on microvillous surface of enterocytes

143
Q

high volume low frequency poops - cause weight loss

A

small bowel

144
Q

T/F

crypto causes large bowel diarrhea

A

false

145
Q

isospora causes intestinal diarrhea and vomiting in what age animals

A

immunosuppressed/ young animals

146
Q

how to dx isospora

A

fecal float

147
Q

T/F

isospora can cause mental depression

A

true bc they are sad they are poopingsoooo much

148
Q

what drugs to treat isospora

A

sulfanomides

149
Q

Naturally occurring infection in dogs and mostly affects young puppies (<6 months)

A

neospora caninum

150
Q

neospora caninum clinical signs in <6 month pup

A 
muscle atrophy 
ascending paralysis 
myositis and scar formation in muscles 
dysphagia 
megaesophagus 
death
151
Q

neospora caninum tx

A

Trimethoprim sulphonamides

and clindamycin

152
Q

leishmania is spread by …

A

sand flies - dogs are the reservoir host for human infections

153
Q

T/F

serology is the most sensitive test for leishmania

A

false - PCR is

but this is a CDC reportable disease so we wont even test for it

154
Q

what clinical signs are seen with leishmania

A 
blood 
lymph nodes 
spleen 
liver 
skin 
bone marrow
155
Q

my dog ate a rabbit and now is lame with diarrhea

A

H. americanum

156
Q

what is seen on radiographs of dogs with hepatozoon

A

periosteal reaction near muscle attachment

157
Q

hepatozoonosis tx

A

nsaids for the pain – dont give corticosteroids

158
Q

Hemoprotozoan parasite that infects erythrocytes

A

babesia

159
Q

T/F

the most commone babesia in the USA is B. vogeli, which is also the most pathogenic

A

FALSE – least pathogenic

160
Q

Tx babesia

A

imidocarb dipropionate

161
Q

my pitt bull was in lots of fights and now has haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis,
fever

A

babesia gibsonii

162
Q

dx for babesia

A

blood smear and pcr

small animal medicine (6 decks)

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