infectious diseases of dogs Flashcards
1
Q
bacterial infection from raw chicken
A
salmonellosis
2
Q
gull wing shaped gram negative bacteria
A
campylobacter
3
Q
gram negative bacteria that lives in the stomach and produces high levels of urease to survive in low PH
A
heliobacter
4
Q
histo eval for helicobacter
A
gastric biopsy
5
Q
helicobacter clinical signs
A
may of may not cause chronic gastritis
6
Q
treatment for helicobacter
A
2 antibiotics and an anti-acid
Amoxicillin, metronidazole and omeprazole
Amoxicillin, metronidazole and famotidine
7
Q
T/F
both dogs and cats are susceptible to brucella
A
false - cats are resistant
8
Q
how is brucella transmitted
A
through aborted fetal material, semen, urine, milk, possible orally or conjunctivally
9
Q
how long does bacteremia of brucellosis last
A
1-4 weeks
10
Q
this bacterial infection in dogs can cause discospondylosis and anterior uveitis
A
brucellosis
11
Q
How to treat brucella
A
STERILIZE THE ANIMAL – hard to eradicate
doxycycline and IM strepomycin and retest every 6-9 months until cleared
12
Q
titer of brucella can stay positive for how long
A
up to 3 years
13
Q
Lyme disease
A
Borrelia burgdorferi
14
Q
deer tick and vector of lyme disease
A
Ixodes scapularis
15
Q
when does the host become infected with lyme disease
A
48-50 hours post attachment - once tick is engorged
16
Q
Help the bacterium adhere to the midgut
of infected ticks in lyme
A
outer surface protein A
17
Q
b burgdorferi protein that moves into ticks saliva when it senses the warm blood and skin
A
outer surface protein C
18
Q
how does b burgdorferi evade the hosts immune systems
A
it is extracellular – and it sequestered in the joints, fibroblasts, astrocytes, and can survive for long periods
19
Q
what percent of dogs do not develop clinical signs of lyme disease
A
90-95%
20
Q
how long does it take for Borrelia burgdorferi signs to develop
A
2-5 months
21
Q
signs of Borrelia burgdorferi
A
fever lymphadenopathy meningitis glomerulopathy myocarditis arthritis
22
Q
most common clinical sign of Borrelia burgdorferi
A
Non-erosive polyarthritis – do a joint fluid saporation cytology
23
Q
what is the pathognomatic test for Borrelia burgdorferi
A
none
24
Q
what antibody is tested for in Borrelia burgdorferi
A
protein C6 antibody
25
Do you treat this:
| The dog that tests positive on the C6 snap test and has clinical signs of Lyme
YES
dont treat if no clinical signs (90-95% of dogs)
26
drug of choice for lyme
doxycycline/ minocycline
27
what vaccines are available for lyme
Osp-A vaccines and whole-cell bacterins are available
28
T/F
| direct transmission is the most common way to get leptospirosis
false indirect is -- contaminated food water and soil
29
what conditions does lepto like
Slow moving warm water
Soil pH neutral or slightly alkaline
Urine with higher pH
Ambient temperatures of 0oC to 25 oC
30
incubation period of leptoispirosis
3-7 days
31
T/F
| leptospirosis can cross the placenta
true
32
why is lepto culturing rarely done
too long, fastidious bacteria
33
metoclopramide, maropitant are both
anti-emetics
34
how to treat lepto
give doxycycline PO or IV for 2 weeks BID
| if doxy cant be tolerated give pencillin G
35
clostridium botulinum is gram ___
positive / anaerobic
36
what do the toxins of botulism do
Prevent presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
37
how does the clostridium botulinum toxin enter the body of the host
ingestion of the performed toxin
38
why is the anti-toxin for clostridium botulinum not effective
it does not contain the specific type C antitoxin
39
what two anti-baterials are used for clostridium botulinum tx
metronidazole or penicillins
40
C. tetani toxin that causes hemolysis of erythrocytes
Tetanoleptin
41
C. tetani toxin that cause neurological dysfunction
tetanospasm
42
tetanospasm inhibits the release of 1. ____ and 2. _____ (these are inhibitory neurotransmittors)
1. glycine
2. γ-aminobutyric acid
-
43
```
which of these is not a clinical sign of tetanus
Ear drawn back
Sardonic grin
Trismus
Salivation
respiratory compromise and convulsions
Dysphagia
ambulatory but rigid gait
opisthotonus
```
they are all clinical signs LOL tricked ya
44
what might thoracic radiographs show in a dog with tetanus
megaesophagus
45
T/F
| it is common to dx tetanus by isolating the bacterium from a wound
FALSE -- this is difficult to do
dx is done by clinical signs, LS neutrophilia
46
how long does it take for the tetanospasm toxin to wear off
3-4 weeks
give supportive care in the meantime and metro/penicillins bc this is a gram positive
47
best way to administer anti toxin for tetanus
intramuscular
48
Clostridium difficile top clinical sign
Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea
| -Small and/or large bowel diarrhea signs
49
t/F
| normal dogs can have Clostridium difficile
true
50
gold standard test for Clostridium difficile
cell culture and cytotoxicity assay detection of the fecal toxin
51
C. difficile treatment
Metronidazole (10-15mg/kg BID) for 5 days
52
Mycoplasma haemocanis is transmitted by what
through the brown tick – Rhipicephalus sanguineus
53
what is required for there to be clinical signs shown from mycoplasma hemocanis
SPLENECTOMY
54
diagnosis and treatment for mycoplasma hemocanis
PCR or find the organism on a blood smear
| and doxycycline
55
how is bartenellosis likely spread
dog bites and cat scratches
56
FA testing for bartanellosis is ___% sensitive
50%
also can have cross reactions with rickettsia spp
57
name the species Rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsia
58
name the species
| Monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis
59
name the species
| Granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis
E. ewingii
60
name the species Granulocytotrophic anaplasmosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
61
name the species: salmon poisoning
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
62
name the species
| Thrombocytotropic anaplasmosis
A. platys
63
what cells does A. platys live in
platelets
64
what species does A. phagocytophilum live in
neutrophils
65
what species does E/ ewingii live in
neutrophils
66
what cells does E. canis live in
monocytes
67
what cells does neorickettsia live in
monocytes
68
where does rickettsia replicate
the endothelial cells --results in vascular damage and increased vascular permeability
69
T/F
| clinical signs of vasculitis are petechial bleeding and peripheral edema
true -- this is because there are lower platelets and albumin
70
E. canis vector
Rhipicephalus spp,
| Amblyomma americanum
71
target tissues of E. Canis
spleen, liver and lymph nodes
72
which rickettsial disease causes cyclic thrombocytopenia
A. platys because it lives in the platelets
73
A. phagocytophilum vectors
ixodes spp
74
vector of A. platys
Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor spp.
75
rocky mt spotted fever vector
Dermacentor variabilis -- this is a tick carrying a rickettsial dz
76
T/F
| RMSF can be diagnosed on a blood smear
FALSE -- need pcr or skin biopsies
77
T/F
| with rickettsial diseases you will see hyperalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia
FALSE -- there will be Low ALB and HIGH GLOB
78
what cardiac signs are seen with rickettsial disease
AV blocks, tachycardia and arrhythmias
79
which species of rickettsial disease is most likely to cause chronic disease
E. canis -- Body cannot eliminate them or treatment doesn’t eliminate them
80
rickettsial disease treatment
doxycycline - 5-10mg/kg/day PO for 2-3 weeks
81
you get this from Ingestion of fish with a fluke containing the rickettsia
salmon poisoning -- neorickettsia
82
what states is neorickettsia prominent in
WA, OR, CA
83
Neorickettsia helminthoeca diagnosis
fecal float for the fluke eggs
84
salmon poisoning signs
Fever, serous to purulent ocular discharge with associated periorbital edema, vomiting and diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
85
RNA virus which is very susceptible in the environment
canine distemper
86
how is canine distemper virus spread
via water droplets -- then upper resp tract epithelium and replicates in macrophages -- spreads to lymphatics in tonsils and bronchial lymph nodes
87
By ____ days PI, canine distemper viral number increases in tonsils and retropharyngeal and bronchial LNs
2-4 days
88
how many days post infection does canine distemper take to reach the CNS And epithelial tissues
8-9
89
```
see a dog with these clinical signs what are you thinking?
bilateral serous oculonasal discharge
coughing and dyspnea
Biphasic pyrexia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
digital hyperkaratosis
```
Canine distemper -- will also see vesicles and diarrhea
| potentially seizures and meningeal inflammation
90
what age unvaccinated puppy would have you suscpicious about distemper if showing signs
3-6 months
91
what is seen in a peripheral blood smear if a dog has distemper
intracytoplasmic distemper inclusion bodies within erythrocytes
92
prognosis for distemper
poor - can only give supportive care and seizure meds
93
most common vaccine used for distemper to provide a strong immunity
modified live vaccine
94
how often do dogs need revaccinated for distemper
every 3 years after the initial puppy series
95
what is the public health risk of distemper
Pagets disease
96
canine adenovirus 1 is highly resistant to the environment what are the best ways to inactivate it
Steam cleaning is effective
Iodine, phenol and sodium hydroxide – disinfectants (all caustic)
97
where is cav-1 found in the body 2 weeks PI and how long is it shed for
kidneys -- excreted in the urine for 6-9 months
98
how is cav1 contracted and where does it replicate initally in the body
oronasal route -- replicates in the tonsils then goes to the blood
there is severe viremia for 4-8 days PI
99
CAV1 prime targets of viral localization and injury
Hepatic parenchyma cells, vascular endothelium and CNS
100
by what day PI do antibodies start to form to CAV1 and the body starts to rid of it
day 7
101
T/F
| icterus is a defining clinical sing of CAV-1
FALSE -- disease acts too quickly and kills before icterus can happen -- this is UNCOMMON
102
what can be seen as a clinical sign in dogs that recover from CAV1 infections
"blue eye" -- corneal edema / anterior uveitis
| also called infectious canine hepatitis
103
CAV-2
respiratory disease
104
non-enveloped DNA virus that required rapidly dividing cells for replication and is highly contagious, often fatal, very stable and resistant in the environment
canine parvovirus
105
what is the incubation period of canine parvoviruse
1-5 days
106
canine parvovirus clinical signs
```
vomiting
yellow hemorrhagic diarrhea
anorexia
severe dehydration
death in 2 days
severe leukopenia -- targets bone marrow
```
107
how to detect the canine parvovirus organism for diagnosis
fecal ELISA ANTIGEN test
| or fecal pcr
108
duration of immunity to canine parvovirus with vaccination
3-7 years
109
how long is the canine parvovirus shed and how long does it persist in the environment
it is shed short term -- 4 to 5 days
persists in the environment greater than 5 months
SO if someones puppy dies from parvo they should wait to get a new one or seriously clean their home
110
incubation of canine coronavirus
1-4 days
111
T/F
| canine coronavirus is highly contagious and can only be found in dogs with diarrhea
FALSE -- highly contagious but dogs with and without diarrhea can have it
112
feces orange in colour, malodorous and infrequently contain blood
coronavirus
113
Enteric coronavirus signs
diarrhea and loss of appetite
114
Pantropic coronavirus clinical signs
ataxia and seizures
| leukopenia
115
T/F
| puppies with coronavirus almost always die
FALSE - death is uncommon
116
what age dog does canine rotavirus infect
puppies less than 12 weeks -- gives mild diarrhea
117
causing tissue necrosis and localised mucosal or
| generalised infections in young or immunocompromised animals
cytocidal
canine herpes virus is cytocidal!!
118
T/F
| canine herpes virus is very stable in the environment
no
119
how do puppies get canine herpes virus
Pups gets infected in utero
from passage through birth canal
contact with litter mates
oronasal secretions from dam
120
less than 1 week old puppy that gets herpes
fatal generalized infection
121
puppy more than 2 weeks old that gets herpes
mild or inapparant infection
122
herpes replication in older dogs is restricted to what locations/tissues
nasopharynx, genital tract, tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, bronchial lymph nodes, conjunctival tissue and occasionally the lungs
123
T/F
| in utero infections of canine herpes virus can result in stillbirths and abortions
true
124
what does the systemic infection of canine herpes virus cause
DIC
thromobocyotpenia
multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis
125
Lyssavirus, enveloped RNA, bullet-shaped
rabies virus
126
where is rabies carried / transmitted
saliva
127
rabies cns signs develop how many weeks post infection
3-8 weeks
128
which phase of rabies:
| Apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever
prodromal (2-3 days)
129
what phase of rabies:
| fractious animals get very affectionate
prodromal (2-3 days)
130
which rabies phase:
| Increase response, bite at objects, photophobic, hyperesthetic
Furious/ psychotic type (1-7 days)
animals also are restless and roam
131
which phase of rabies:
• Cranial nerve paralysis, hypersalivation, inability to swallow
• Paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death
Paralytic/ dump type (1-10 days)
132
also known as Aujesky’s disease, mad itch and infectious bulbar paralysis
pseudorabies
133
T/F
| pseudorabies is an RNA virus
false - DNA
134
how do dogs get pseudorabies
ingestion of contaminated pork products
135
incubation of pseudorabies
3-6 days
136
T/F
| pseudorabies is always fatal
TRUE
137
what are the major clinical signs of pseudorabies
self mutilation - erythema
Trismus, paresis and paralysis of facial muscles, head tilt, difficulty in swallowing
aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions
138
motile, active form of giardia
trophozoite
139
resistant stage, contain two incompletely separated trophozoites of giardia
cysts
140
what stage of giardia is ingested
the cyst -- they excyst in the help of gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes
141
best drug for giardia
Fenbendazole 50mg/kg PO once daily for 5d
142
how is crypto spread
fecal-oral route
Oocytes excyst --> release sporozoites --> become trophozoites which proliferate on microvillous surface of enterocytes
143
high volume low frequency poops - cause weight loss
small bowel
144
T/F
| crypto causes large bowel diarrhea
false
145
isospora causes intestinal diarrhea and vomiting in what age animals
immunosuppressed/ young animals
146
how to dx isospora
fecal float
147
T/F
| isospora can cause mental depression
true bc they are sad they are poopingsoooo much
148
what drugs to treat isospora
sulfanomides
149
Naturally occurring infection in dogs and mostly affects young puppies (<6 months)
neospora caninum
150
neospora caninum clinical signs in <6 month pup
```
muscle atrophy
ascending paralysis
myositis and scar formation in muscles
dysphagia
megaesophagus
death
```
151
neospora caninum tx
Trimethoprim sulphonamides
| and clindamycin
152
leishmania is spread by ...
sand flies - dogs are the reservoir host for human infections
153
T/F
| serology is the most sensitive test for leishmania
false - PCR is
| but this is a CDC reportable disease so we wont even test for it
154
what clinical signs are seen with leishmania
```
blood
lymph nodes
spleen
liver
skin
bone marrow
```
155
my dog ate a rabbit and now is lame with diarrhea
H. americanum
156
what is seen on radiographs of dogs with hepatozoon
periosteal reaction near muscle attachment
157
hepatozoonosis tx
nsaids for the pain -- dont give corticosteroids
158
Hemoprotozoan parasite that infects erythrocytes
babesia
159
T/F
| the most commone babesia in the USA is B. vogeli, which is also the most pathogenic
FALSE -- least pathogenic
160
Tx babesia
imidocarb dipropionate
161
my pitt bull was in lots of fights and now has haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis,
fever
babesia gibsonii
162
dx for babesia
blood smear and pcr
