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small animal medicine > endocrinology lectures -- settles > Flashcards

endocrinology lectures -- settles Flashcards

1
Q

this hormone is iodine containing

A

thyroid hormone

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2
Q

T/F

T4 is greater than T3 in activity

A

FALSE

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3
Q

which is the active form

T4 or T3

A

T3

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4
Q

primary hypothyroidism is a disease of what tissue and accounts for what percent of hypothyroid cases?

A

thyroid gland - bc primary disease

95% of cases

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5
Q

most of the primary hypothyroid cases are due to what?

A

lymphocytic thyroiditis – autoimmune disorder

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6
Q

these 4 drugs can cause a low T4

A

􏰍 Glucocorticoids
􏰍 Carprofen
􏰍 Furosemide
􏰍 Phenobarbital

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7
Q

what are 3 iatrogenic causes of low T4

A

􏰍 I131
􏰍 Antithyroid drugs
􏰍 Thyroidectomy

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8
Q

T/F

the signalment for a hypothyroid dog is a really young small breed dog

A

FALSE – large breed middle aged dogs

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9
Q

middle aged dog with lethargy, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, rat tail and seborrhea are all clinical signs pointing towards what endocring disorder

A

Hypothyroidism

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10
Q

T/F

alopecia in a hypothyroid dog will be bilaterally symmetric

A

TRUE – endocrine disorders are all this way

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11
Q

deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the dermis leading to a sad facial expression is known as

A

myxedema

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12
Q

myxedema is seen in what endocrine disorder

A

hypothyroid dogs

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13
Q

this “syndrome” will give low T4 results while everything else remains normal

A

euthyroid sick syndrome

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14
Q

pituitary gland secretes this to stimulate the thyroid

A

TSH

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15
Q

the hypothalamus secretes this to stimulate the pituitary to release TSH

A

TRH

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16
Q

Lab results of a thyroid panel for a primary hypothyroid dog

A

Low T4, low FT4, HIGH TSH

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17
Q

T/F

TSH will be low for primary hypothyroidism

A

FALSE – will be HIGH

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18
Q

secondary hypothyroidism is an issue with what tissue

A

the pituitary

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19
Q

what will the lab results for a secondary hypothyroidism dog be

A

LOW T4, low FT4, LOW TSH

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20
Q

what happens to the cholesterol and trigs during hypothyroidism

A

they go up

hypercholesterolemia

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21
Q

T/F

if you get a normal T4 reading back on lab work you can rule out hypothyroidism

A

TRUE

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22
Q

what is the gold standard test for dx of primary hypothyroidism

A

TSH stimulation test

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23
Q

what is the synthetic T4 drug of choice for treating hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

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24
Q

when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many weeks will the attitude be improved

A

1-2 weeks

25
Q

when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many weeks will the derm be improved

A

4-6 weeks

26
Q

when treating hypothyroid dogs, after how many months will the hair growth be improved

A

2-3

27
Q

cat with these clinical signs:

Decreased fur on temples & pinnae, wt gain

A

hypothyroid cat

28
Q

what will be the results of a TSH stimulation test in a hypothyroid dog

A

no significant increase in post-T4 (due to thyroid gland atrophy or destruction)

in a normal dog there would be an increase

29
Q

most common cause of hyperthyroidism in cats

A

functional adenoma

30
Q

old thin cat differentials

A

renal dz
lymphoma
inflammatory bowel dz
hyperthyroid

31
Q

average age for a cat with hyperthyroidism

A

12

32
Q

most common endocrinopathy of cats

A

hyperthyroidism

33
Q

clinical signs of a cat with hyperthyroidism

A 
scraggly coat (lol)
pu/pd -- dilute urine 
vomiting 
diarrhea 
goiter 
tachycardia
34
Q

how to treat tachycardia from hyperthyroidism

A

beta blockers like propanolol – thyroid works toward the beta receptors so small doses of propranolol can slow the heart rate and lower BP

35
Q

when palpating a hyperthyoid cats thyroid why is it important to go slowly

A

to prevent a thyroid storm

36
Q

T/F

cats have an inducible form of Alk phos

A

FALSE – so this will be increased in hyperthyroid cats

37
Q

in a hyperthyroid cat’s serum chemistry, will the ALT be higher, lower, or unchanged

A

HIGHER

38
Q

T/F

hypothyroid dogs have PU/PD

A

FALSE

39
Q

why is the azotemia in a hyperthyroid cat masked

A

the higher BP from the thyroid keeps the GFR up and so the azotemia is not noticed – this is still causing damage to the kidney over time and is bad

40
Q

ideal treatment for hyperthyroid cat

A

30 days methimazole – see if azotemia is unmasked first and treat the kidney issues
THEN I131

good prognosis ^^ +5.3yrs

41
Q

this drug acts by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis by
blocking incorporation of iodine


A

methimazole (tapazole) – hyperthyoid cat tx

42
Q

Excess glucocorticoids produced by adrenals.

A

hyperadrenocorticism – cushings disease

43
Q

which thyroid hormone can be absorbed across the cell membrane

A

free T4

44
Q

When treating a hypothyroid dog when should blood levels be drawn to evaluate therapy?

a. 4-6 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy
b. 4-6 hours post pill after 2 weeks of treatment if the dog is on q24 hour treatment
c. 8-12 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy
d. Peak and trough levels should be drawn after 1 month of therapy

A

a. 4-6 hours post pill after 1 month of treatment if the dog is on BID therapy

45
Q

What is the most appropriate test to differentiate pituitary dependent from adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism

A

abdominal ultrasound

46
Q

The following signs are most consistent with which disease?

Polyuria, Pot-bellied, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Panting

A

hyperadrenocorticism – cushings

47
Q

Which of the following helps to differentiate Cushing’s disease from hypothyroidism in dogs?

a. Low Total T4 with hypercholesterolemia
b. Polyuria/ polyphagia
c. Obesity and hair loss
d. Elevated ALP and weight loss

A

B

48
Q

differentials for PU/PD

A 
Pyelonephritis
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes mellitus
Drugs
Liver disease
49
Q

Which of the following is most consistent with HAC?

a. Stress leukogram, Elevated ALP, USG = 1.012
b. Mild neutrophilia, Elevated ALT, USG = 1.020
c. Mild anemia, Elevated Creatinine, USG = 1.012
d. Mild anemia, Elevated ALP, USG = 1.045

A

A

50
Q

Which of the following is most consistent with a diagnosis of Cushing’s disease?

a. An elevated UCC and normal ACTH stim
b. A borderline UCC and an elevated LDDS at 8 hours
c. A low HDDS at 8 hours with an elevated UCC
d. An elevated endogenous ACTH level

A

B

51
Q

What if the LDDS came back as positive for Cushing’s but not definitive for PDH? What is the best answer?

a. Abdominal ultrasound
b. HDDS
c. Endogenous ACTH
d. ACTH stim

A

Abdominal ultrasound

52
Q

form of hyperadrenocorticism that Causes bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia

A

Pituitary dependent – accounts for 80-85% of cases and mostly small breed dogs

53
Q

what will iatrogenic cushings do to the adrenal glands

A

bilateral atrophy

54
Q

calcinosis cutis is seen in what endocrine disorder

A

cushings

55
Q

destroys zonae fasciculata and reticularis of adrenal gland – permanent adrenal atrophy

A

mitotane - lysodren

56
Q

Selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B, helps restore central dopamine concentration and facilitates dopaminergic transmission

A

selegiline - anipryl

57
Q

Use in those patients whose owners do not want to use Lysodren for fear of its side effects or cost of Trilostane

A

selegiline

58
Q

Synthetic, orally active steroid analog; competitive inhibitor of the 3-􏰃-hydroxysteroid dehydrogrenase enzyme system thereby inhibiting synthesis of several steroids including cortisol and aldosterone

A

Trilostane

59
Q

Imidazole antifungal drug, lowers circulating cortisol concentrations by inhibiting steroid biosynthesis

A

ketoconazole

small animal medicine (6 decks)

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