Infectious Nero Diseases

Question 1

What kind of virus is Equine Herpes 1 or HV-1 Myeloencephalopathy?

Answer 1

Alpha Herpes Virus

Question 2

What body systems are effects by EHV1?

Answer 2

Resp, Neuro and Repro (abortion)

Question 3

What are the 2 types of EHV?

Answer 3

D752 and N752

Question 4

How is EHV transmitted?

Answer 4

Direct contact, air, contaminated equipment and personnel

Question 5

Whats the incubation period of EHV?

Answer 5

2-10 days

Question 6

What are clinical signs of EHV?

Answer 6

Ataxia - pelvic limb weakness, dog sitting, fecal and urinal incontiencane
Fever
Obtundation, CN deficit, recumbency and seizure

Question 7

Whats the hallmark clinical sign of EHV?

Answer 7

Hindlimb weakness and ataxia

Question 8

How do you diagnose EHV?

Answer 8

PCR (nasal or blood)
CSF - Xanthochromia, increased protein, mononuclear pleocytosis

Question 9

How do you treat EHV?

Answer 9

Antiviral - valacylovir
Ant inflammatory - Flunixin and corticosteroid
Anti-coagulant - Aspirin and Herpin
Supportive Care - fluids, sling, urinary catheter, TMS, PT

Question 10

How do you prevent EHV?

Answer 10

Biosecurity
Vaccination e6 month high risk
Zinc supplement

Question 11

What kind of virus causes equine encephalomyelitis Virus?

Answer 11

Alphavirus Togaviridae

Question 12

What the the 3 types of encephalomyelitis Virus?

Answer 12

EEE - Eastern
WEE - Western
VEE - Venezuelan

Question 13

Which Equine Encephalomyelitis virus is reportable foreign animal disease?

Answer 13

VEE

Question 14

How are the EEV spread?

Answer 14

Mosquitoes, bird and small mammals

Question 15

Is EEV zoonotic?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What are clinical signs of EEV?

Answer 16

Fever, circle, head press, hyperesthesia, seizure, obtundation, aggression, somnolence, cp deficit

Question 17

Which version of EEv has the highest mortality?

Answer 17

EEE

Question 18

How do you treat EEV?

Answer 18

Antinflammttory and supportive

Question 19

How do you diagnose EEV?

Answer 19

CSF, IgM capture elisa, titers, PCR CSF

Question 20

How do you prevent EEV?

Answer 20

Mosquito control, vaccination

Question 21

What type of virus is West Nile?

Answer 21

Flavivirus

Question 22

How is WNV transmitted?

Answer 22

Mosquitoes and birds

Question 23

What are clinical signs of WNV?

Answer 23

Fever, muscle fasciculation, change mentation, CN abnormalities, spinal ataxia and hypermetria

Question 24

How do you treat WNV?

Answer 24

Supportive care, antinflammatory, WNV plasma

Question 25

How do you diagnose WNV?

Answer 25

IgM capture elisa, CSF

Question 26

Whats the prognosis for WNV?

Answer 26

Good if don't go down, bad if down

Question 27

How do you prevent WNV?

Answer 27

Vaccinate every 6 month in spring

Question 28

What kind of virus is rabies?

Answer 28

Rhabdovirus - zoonotic

Question 29

How is rabies transmitted?

Answer 29

Bite/saliva -Skunk, fox, raccoon

Question 30

What's the incubation period for rabies?

Answer 30

9 days to 1 year

Question 31

What the prognosis for rabies?

Answer 31

Fatal if signs are shown

Question 32

What are clinical signs of rabies?

Answer 32

Cerebral/furious- aggression, hyperesthesia, muscle tremor, hydrophobia Brainstem/dumb - obtunded, head tilt, pharngeal paralysis Spinal/paralytic - shifting lameness, self-mutilation, ataxia, paralysis

Question 33

How do you diagnose rabies?

Answer 33

CSF, Postmortem 1/2 brain formalin -negri bodies 1/2 brain ice - FAT, MAT, inoculation

Question 34

How do you prevent rabies?

Answer 34

Vaccinate at 3-6 months and booster

Question 35

What are some agents that can cause bacterial meningitis?

Answer 35

Strep, Staph, actinomyces, actinobacillus, E. coli

Question 36

What has to happen to allow bacterial meningitis to occur?

Answer 36

Immune suppression (BBB) -Hematogenous, trauma or extension of cancer or hematoma

Question 37

What are clinical signs of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 37

Fever, multifocal brain sign and seizure, comatose

Question 38

How do you diagnose bacterial mengitis?

Answer 38

CFS, (glucose <50 in CSF), inflammatory leukogram, elevated acute phase protein

Question 39

How do you treat bacterial menigits?

Answer 39

Broad spectrum antibiotic, NSAID, plasma, supportive care and seizure care

Question 40

What is the causative agent of lyme disease and where does it come from?

Answer 40

Borrelia burgdorferi Gram - spirochete Ixodes scapularis

Question 41

What are signs of lyme disease?

Answer 41

Neck, back and hyperesthesia, CN sign, Ataxia, fever, uveitis ADR, shifting leg lameness, neuro

Question 42

Whats the best way to diagnose lyme?

Answer 42

Lyme multiplex - antibodies though or C6 Elisa

Question 43

Should you test for lyme in a prepurchase exam?

Answer 43

Not unless there are clinical signs

Question 44

How do you treat lyme?

Answer 44

Oxytetracycline or minocycline

Question 45

What is the causative agent of otitis media and interna?

Answer 45

Bacteria - middle ear infection

Question 46

What are signs of otitis media?

Answer 46

Head shaking, ear rubbing, aural dischare, CN VII and CN III deficit

Question 47

How do you diagnose otitis?

Answer 47

Rad or CT

Question 48

How do you treat otitis?

Answer 48

Long term antimicrobial, lavage