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Special Topics Equine Medicine > Infectious Nero Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Nero Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of virus is Equine Herpes 1 or HV-1 Myeloencephalopathy?

A

Alpha Herpes Virus

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2
Q

What body systems are effects by EHV1?

A

Resp, Neuro and Repro (abortion)

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of EHV?

A

D752 and N752

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4
Q

How is EHV transmitted?

A

Direct contact, air, contaminated equipment and personnel

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5
Q

Whats the incubation period of EHV?

A

2-10 days

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6
Q

What are clinical signs of EHV?

A

Ataxia - pelvic limb weakness, dog sitting, fecal and urinal incontiencane
Fever
Obtundation, CN deficit, recumbency and seizure

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7
Q

Whats the hallmark clinical sign of EHV?

A

Hindlimb weakness and ataxia

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8
Q

How do you diagnose EHV?

A

PCR (nasal or blood)
CSF - Xanthochromia, increased protein, mononuclear pleocytosis

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9
Q

How do you treat EHV?

A

Antiviral - valacylovir
Ant inflammatory - Flunixin and corticosteroid
Anti-coagulant - Aspirin and Herpin
Supportive Care - fluids, sling, urinary catheter, TMS, PT

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10
Q

How do you prevent EHV?

A

Biosecurity
Vaccination e6 month high risk
Zinc supplement

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11
Q

What kind of virus causes equine encephalomyelitis Virus?

A

Alphavirus Togaviridae

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12
Q

What the the 3 types of encephalomyelitis Virus?

A

EEE - Eastern
WEE - Western
VEE - Venezuelan

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13
Q

Which Equine Encephalomyelitis virus is reportable foreign animal disease?

A

VEE

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14
Q

How are the EEV spread?

A

Mosquitoes, bird and small mammals

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15
Q

Is EEV zoonotic?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are clinical signs of EEV?

A

Fever, circle, head press, hyperesthesia, seizure, obtundation, aggression, somnolence, cp deficit

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17
Q

Which version of EEv has the highest mortality?

A

EEE

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18
Q

How do you treat EEV?

A

Antinflammttory and supportive

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19
Q

How do you diagnose EEV?

A

CSF, IgM capture elisa, titers, PCR CSF

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20
Q

How do you prevent EEV?

A

Mosquito control, vaccination

21
Q

What type of virus is West Nile?

A

Flavivirus

22
Q

How is WNV transmitted?

A

Mosquitoes and birds

23
Q

What are clinical signs of WNV?

A

Fever, muscle fasciculation, change mentation, CN abnormalities, spinal ataxia and hypermetria

24
Q

How do you treat WNV?

A

Supportive care, antinflammatory, WNV plasma

25
Q

How do you diagnose WNV?

A

IgM capture elisa, CSF

26
Q

Whats the prognosis for WNV?

A

Good if don’t go down, bad if down

27
Q

How do you prevent WNV?

A

Vaccinate every 6 month in spring

28
Q

What kind of virus is rabies?

A

Rhabdovirus - zoonotic

29
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Bite/saliva
-Skunk, fox, raccoon

30
Q

What’s the incubation period for rabies?

A

9 days to 1 year

31
Q

What the prognosis for rabies?

A

Fatal if signs are shown

32
Q

What are clinical signs of rabies?

A

Cerebral/furious- aggression, hyperesthesia, muscle tremor, hydrophobia

Brainstem/dumb - obtunded, head tilt, pharngeal paralysis

Spinal/paralytic - shifting lameness, self-mutilation, ataxia, paralysis

33
Q

How do you diagnose rabies?

A

CSF,
Postmortem
1/2 brain formalin -negri bodies
1/2 brain ice - FAT, MAT, inoculation

34
Q

How do you prevent rabies?

A

Vaccinate at 3-6 months and booster

35
Q

What are some agents that can cause bacterial meningitis?

A

Strep, Staph, actinomyces, actinobacillus, E. coli

36
Q

What has to happen to allow bacterial meningitis to occur?

A

Immune suppression (BBB)

-Hematogenous, trauma or extension of cancer or hematoma

37
Q

What are clinical signs of bacterial meningitis?

A

Fever, multifocal brain sign and seizure, comatose

38
Q

How do you diagnose bacterial mengitis?

A

CFS, (glucose <50 in CSF), inflammatory leukogram, elevated acute phase protein

39
Q

How do you treat bacterial menigits?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic, NSAID, plasma, supportive care and seizure care

40
Q

What is the causative agent of lyme disease and where does it come from?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi
Gram - spirochete
Ixodes scapularis

41
Q

What are signs of lyme disease?

A

Neck, back and hyperesthesia, CN sign, Ataxia, fever, uveitis
ADR, shifting leg lameness, neuro

42
Q

Whats the best way to diagnose lyme?

A

Lyme multiplex - antibodies though
or C6 Elisa

43
Q

Should you test for lyme in a prepurchase exam?

A

Not unless there are clinical signs

44
Q

How do you treat lyme?

A

Oxytetracycline or minocycline

45
Q

What is the causative agent of otitis media and interna?

A

Bacteria - middle ear infection

46
Q

What are signs of otitis media?

A

Head shaking, ear rubbing, aural dischare, CN VII and CN III deficit

47
Q

How do you diagnose otitis?

A

Rad or CT

48
Q

How do you treat otitis?

A

Long term antimicrobial, lavage

Special Topics Equine Medicine (10 decks)

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