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Special Topics Equine Medicine > Field Anesthetics > Flashcards

Field Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Why is horse anesthesia different than other species?

A

Recumbency is not natural
Fight or flight response strong
Induction and recovery hard

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2
Q

How long can IV anesthesia be used?

A

Up to 1 hour

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3
Q

What factors contribute to anesthesia mortality? What age group is commonly effected?

A

Age, duration surgery, drugs for sedation, inhalents
<10 day foal or <1 month

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4
Q

What kind of location should you drop a horse in? What else should you consider when dropping one?

A

Clean, dry, flat locaiton away from things they can hurt themselves on

Take off halters and make sure eye is closed and safe

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5
Q

If a horse is still excited despite the pre-medications, should you just go ahead and anesthetize it?

A

No!

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6
Q

What should you do to prep your patient for anesthesia?

A

Check heart and lungs well (these diseases can have a rough effect and be made much worse
Hisotry HYPP?
Fast them 4-48hr
Rinse mouth out

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7
Q

What 3 groups of medications are commonly used for standing sedation and premedication?

A

Alpha 2 agonist
Phenothiazine
Opioids

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8
Q

What are some common alpha 2 agonists?

A

Xyline and Detomidine

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9
Q

What effect do alpha 2 have?

A

Sedation, muscle relaxant and analgesia (Decrease HR and cardiac output)

5 point stance

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10
Q

When do alpah 2 reach peak effect?

A

IV 3-5min
IM 10-15 min

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11
Q

Which alpha 2 is more potent?

A

Detomidine

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12
Q

What are some side effects of alpha 2?

A

Decrease GIT motility
Increased urination
Reversible

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13
Q

How long does it take oral detomidine to work?

A

45 min

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14
Q

What drug is in the phenothiazine category?

A

Acepromazine

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15
Q

What are side effects of ace?

A

Horse can be aroused
Potential hypotension

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16
Q

How long does it take ace to act? What is its duration?

A

15-30 min

6-10 hour duration

17
Q

What effect does ace have?

A

minimal muscle relaxation or ataxia, no analgesia- dissociative

18
Q

What is a major side effect of phenothiazines?

A

Piraprism in breeding stallion

19
Q

What are some opioids we can use and how do we use them?

A

Adjunctivity to tranquilizer
Butorphanol, morphine, fentanyl
Don’t use alone or else excitement

20
Q

What drugs are used for induction and TIVA?

A

Ketamine/Telazole, Muscle relaxants and profol

21
Q

What are some things to remember about dissociateives?

A

Rapid effect
-Recovery smooth with alpha 2
duration of ketamine and alpha 2 15-20min

22
Q

What’s critical about administering xylazine and ketamine?

A

Xylazine 1st for edation
-no excited horse
-dont disturb in recovery
-ketamine IV only
-Apneustic breathing common
-minor surgery
-Diazepam can help

23
Q

What is Telazol?

A

Tiletamine and Zolazepam
-rough recovery but long anesthesia

24
Q

What is TKD used for?

A

Telazole, ketamine and detomadine
-small volume
-Induce recumbency in 1 min (racetrack) , sternal 36min, stand 40min
-No use for surgery

25
Q

What is Guaifenesin? What is it used for?

A

Muscle relaxant
Dont use alone
Decreased amount of other drugs used

26
Q

What does an overdose of GG look like?

A

200mg/kg
Extension forelimb, labored breathing and respiratory and cardiac arrest

27
Q

What 2 benzodiazepens can be used?

A

Midazolam and diazepam
-not alone unless young foal

28
Q

Do we use propofol in equine medicine?

A

No much cause expensive
Respiratory effect scary in field

29
Q

What kind of drugs do you use for Maintenace?

A

Longer acting
Repeat short acting
CRI

30
Q

What do you do if you want to prolong a xylazine and ketamine anesthesia?

A

Give 1/3 to 1/2 xylazine and ketamine

Add GG

Use Detomidine instead of xylazine

Give 1/4 to 1/2 ketamine and valium

31
Q

What is triple drip?

A

GKX
-GG, xylazine and ketamine
-Induction in foal
-Overdose look like light horse

32
Q

How long can triple drip hold anestheasia?

A

1 hour - need O2

33
Q

If using TIVA what it recommended?

A

Place a catheter

34
Q

How do you monitor during TIVA?

A

Brisk palpebral
Tearing
Occasional nystagmus
Muscle relaxation

35
Q

What are the ACVAA guidelines for monitoring 1 hr procedure?

A

Digital pulse palpation, CRT, MM color, watch resp

36
Q

How do you know a horse is getting light?

A

Increase RR, reflex and muscles

37
Q

A recumbent horse is…

A

Hypoxic
- ok 45-60min

38
Q

What should you tell owners about recovery?

A

Most injuries there
can be catastrophic
Occur when horse tries to stand
physical and chem restraint

39
Q

What should you ensure during field recovery?

A

No debris, tail assist, slow them, good footing, cover eye

Special Topics Equine Medicine (10 decks)

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