Field Anesthetics Flashcards
Why is horse anesthesia different than other species?
Recumbency is not natural
Fight or flight response strong
Induction and recovery hard
How long can IV anesthesia be used?
Up to 1 hour
What factors contribute to anesthesia mortality? What age group is commonly effected?
Age, duration surgery, drugs for sedation, inhalents
<10 day foal or <1 month
What kind of location should you drop a horse in? What else should you consider when dropping one?
Clean, dry, flat locaiton away from things they can hurt themselves on
Take off halters and make sure eye is closed and safe
If a horse is still excited despite the pre-medications, should you just go ahead and anesthetize it?
No!
What should you do to prep your patient for anesthesia?
Check heart and lungs well (these diseases can have a rough effect and be made much worse
Hisotry HYPP?
Fast them 4-48hr
Rinse mouth out
What 3 groups of medications are commonly used for standing sedation and premedication?
Alpha 2 agonist
Phenothiazine
Opioids
What are some common alpha 2 agonists?
Xyline and Detomidine
What effect do alpha 2 have?
Sedation, muscle relaxant and analgesia (Decrease HR and cardiac output)
5 point stance
When do alpah 2 reach peak effect?
IV 3-5min
IM 10-15 min
Which alpha 2 is more potent?
Detomidine
What are some side effects of alpha 2?
Decrease GIT motility
Increased urination
Reversible
How long does it take oral detomidine to work?
45 min
What drug is in the phenothiazine category?
Acepromazine
What are side effects of ace?
Horse can be aroused
Potential hypotension
How long does it take ace to act? What is its duration?
15-30 min
6-10 hour duration
What effect does ace have?
minimal muscle relaxation or ataxia, no analgesia- dissociative
What is a major side effect of phenothiazines?
Piraprism in breeding stallion
What are some opioids we can use and how do we use them?
Adjunctivity to tranquilizer
Butorphanol, morphine, fentanyl
Don’t use alone or else excitement
What drugs are used for induction and TIVA?
Ketamine/Telazole, Muscle relaxants and profol
What are some things to remember about dissociateives?
Rapid effect
-Recovery smooth with alpha 2
duration of ketamine and alpha 2 15-20min
What’s critical about administering xylazine and ketamine?
Xylazine 1st for edation
-no excited horse
-dont disturb in recovery
-ketamine IV only
-Apneustic breathing common
-minor surgery
-Diazepam can help
What is Telazol?
Tiletamine and Zolazepam
-rough recovery but long anesthesia
What is TKD used for?
Telazole, ketamine and detomadine
-small volume
-Induce recumbency in 1 min (racetrack) , sternal 36min, stand 40min
-No use for surgery
What is Guaifenesin? What is it used for?
Muscle relaxant
Dont use alone
Decreased amount of other drugs used
What does an overdose of GG look like?
200mg/kg
Extension forelimb, labored breathing and respiratory and cardiac arrest
What 2 benzodiazepens can be used?
Midazolam and diazepam
-not alone unless young foal
Do we use propofol in equine medicine?
No much cause expensive
Respiratory effect scary in field
What kind of drugs do you use for Maintenace?
Longer acting
Repeat short acting
CRI
What do you do if you want to prolong a xylazine and ketamine anesthesia?
Give 1/3 to 1/2 xylazine and ketamine
Add GG
Use Detomidine instead of xylazine
Give 1/4 to 1/2 ketamine and valium
What is triple drip?
GKX
-GG, xylazine and ketamine
-Induction in foal
-Overdose look like light horse
How long can triple drip hold anestheasia?
1 hour - need O2
If using TIVA what it recommended?
Place a catheter
How do you monitor during TIVA?
Brisk palpebral
Tearing
Occasional nystagmus
Muscle relaxation
What are the ACVAA guidelines for monitoring 1 hr procedure?
Digital pulse palpation, CRT, MM color, watch resp
How do you know a horse is getting light?
Increase RR, reflex and muscles
A recumbent horse is…
Hypoxic
- ok 45-60min
What should you tell owners about recovery?
Most injuries there
can be catastrophic
Occur when horse tries to stand
physical and chem restraint
What should you ensure during field recovery?
No debris, tail assist, slow them, good footing, cover eye
