Infectious/Fungal Flashcards
(430 cards)
1
Q
farcy buds
A
Glanders
2
Q
infection caused by contact with infected horses
A
Glanders
3
Q
Burkholderia mallei
A
Glanders
4
Q
Ulcerated nodule at inoculated site with regional lymphadenopathy, plus little nodules along the lymph nodes
-nasal septal perforation
A
Glanders (*and those little buds along side the lypmh nodes are called farcy buds)
5
Q
Undulant fever
A
Brucellosis
6
Q
Malta fever
A
Brucellosis
7
Q
infection cause by direct contact with infected animal or ingestion of dairy (unpasterized) infected meat
A
Brucellosis
8
Q
- infection seen in butchers, farmers, vets
- cyclic fevers, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly with sometimes a papulonodular eruption
- direct contact with meat or dairy unpasterized milk
A
Brucellosis
9
Q
The plaque is transmitted by what animal
A
flea bites
10
Q
inflammatory skin plaque in the urinary tract which turns into a weeping or polypoid mass
A
Malakoplakia
11
Q
Michaelis-Guptmann bodies (von-Hansemann cells)
A
Malakoplakia
12
Q
fistulous tract in the groin plus von hansemann cells and michaelis-gutmann bodies
A
Malakoplakia
13
Q
Hebra nose
A
Rhinoscleroma
14
Q
Infectious granulomas in nasal mucosa and respiratory tracat, epistaxis, destruction of nasal cartilage
A
Rhinoscleroma
15
Q
Mikulicz cell, Russel bodies
A
Rhinoscleroma
16
Q
Haverhill fever
A
rate bite fever
17
Q
Streptobacillus moniliformis
A
Rat-Bite fever
18
Q
Pasteurella multocida
A
Cat bite
19
Q
Capnoctytophaga canimorsus
Pasteurella canis
Pasturpella multocida
A
Dog bite
20
Q
Eikenella corrodens
A
Human bite
21
Q
Gram negative intracellular bacteria
Transmitted by insects
Adheres to and invades erythrocytes
A
Bartonella
22
Q
Bacteria causing Oroya fever
A
Bartonella bacilliformis
23
Q
other name for Carrions disease
A
Oroya Fever
24
Q
another name for Peruvian wart
A
Oroya Fever
25
What is the vector for Oroya fever?
sandfly (Lutzomyia verrucarum)
26
What is the name of the vector for Oroya fever?
Lutzomyia verrucarum (sandfly)
27
Lutzomyia verrucarum
sandlfl\y that is the vector for Oroya fever
28
first, a fever and a hemolytic anemia
| then, erythematous papules and nodules which resol\ve spontaneously
Oroya fever
29
Verruga paruana
The chronic stage of Oroya fever
30
What do you treat Oroya fever with?
Chloramphenicol
31
Bartonella infection associated with fever in Peru
Oroya fever
32
Term for infection of raw seafood eating
Vibrio
33
Bartonella henselae causes what disease?
Cat scratch disease
34
Vector for cat scratch disease?
cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
35
Ctenocephalides felis
the cat flea, vector in cat scratch disease
36
Cat scratch disease is caused by what bacteria?>
Bartonella henselae
37
Cat scratch disease can also cause what syndrome in common with sarcoid?
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome : unilateral conjunctivitis and regional lymphadenitis
*sidenote tularemia can cause this too!!
38
What syndrome can be caused by cat scratch disease, tularemia, and sarcoid?
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (ipsilateral conjuncitivis and regional lymphadenopathy)
39
what infectious disease do hunters get?
Tularemia
40
Erythematous tender papules and nodules resembling multiple PGs, seen mainly in HIV patients
Bacillary angiomatosis
41
Bacteria that causes bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella quintana
| Bartonella henselae
42
Bartonella quintana
Bacillary angiomatosis
43
Vector for Bacillary angiomatosis
lice, ticks, fleas
44
Shinebone fever also called
Trench fever
45
Bacteria causing Trench fever
Bartonella quintana
46
Name the four conditions associated with Bartonella infection
1. Ororya fever (fever, hemolytic anemia)
2. Cat scratch disease (lymphadenitis after cat scratch)
3. Bacillary Angiomatosis (lots of PGs, in HIV pts)
4. Trench fever (relapsing fever, sore shins, back pain, transient rash)
47
A patient has sore shins, relapsing fever, back pain, transient rash
Trench fever
48
Vector for trench fever
body louse (Pediculus humanus var. corporis)
49
What does the body louse Pediculus humanus also cause besides Trench fever?
Epidemic typhus
| Relapsing fever
50
Name two diseases that the body louse (Pediculus humanus) is a vector for:
Trench fever
&
Endemic typhus
51
What two bacteria is the body louse (Pediculus humanus) a vector for?
```
Bartonella quintana (Trench fever)
&
Rickettsiae prowazekii (Endemic Typhus)
```
52
Name the bacteria and vectors for all of the bartonella causing diseases:
1. Oroya fever - bartonella bacilliformis - sandfly(Lutzomyia verrucarum)
2. Cat scratch disease - bartonella henselae - cat flea(ctenocejphalidis felis)
3. Bacillary angiomatosis - bartonella henselae, quintana - ticks, lice, fle
4. Trench fever - bartonella quintana - body louse (pediculus humanas)
53
What bacteria causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
54
what stage of syphilis is the chancre?
primary stage
55
how many weeks after primary stage of syphilis does secondary stage happen?
9 weeks
56
what stage syphilis is the maculopapular rash?
second
57
stage of syphilis: mucous patches
second
58
stage of syphilus: lues maligna
second
59
stage of syphilus: alopecia
second
60
stage of syphilus: condyloma lata
second
61
Name the findings of the second stage of syphilus
```
Maculopapular rash
Condyloma lata
Lues maligna
alopecia
mucous patches
```
62
Lues maligna
crusted necrotic papulopustular lesions in second stage of syphilus
63
stage of syphilus:gumma
tertiary
64
how long after initial infection does the tertiary stage of syphilis happen
3-5 years
65
stage of syphilis: cardiovascular
tertiary
66
stage of syphilis: neurosyphilus
tertiary
67
Argyll Robertson pupil
Tertiary syphilius
68
tabes dorsalis
tertiary syphilis
69
Name the findings in the tertiary stage of syphilis
Gumma (syphilitic granulomas)
cardiovascular syphilis
Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, Argyll Robertson pupil)
70
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
febrile systemic reaction after the inital dose of antisyphilitic treatment, occurs in abt 75% of patients
-mediated by TNF-alpha
71
What cytokine is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction mediated by?
TNF-alpha
72
A patient treated for syphilis with IM benzathine PCN, and then gets an intense febrile reaction - what happened?
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
73
what is the most sensitive test for primary syphilis?
FTA-ABS
| fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
74
which syphilis test remains positive even after treatment?
and which one doesnt?
remains positive after treatment: FTA-ABS
doesnt: RPR,VDRL
75
how long after infection with primary syphilis will the FTA-ABS test become positive?
3 weeks
76
Which syphilis tests become nonreactive over time, and especially after treatment?
The non-treponemal test (RPR, VDRL)
77
which syphilis tests can you get false positive results with? (i.e. are also positive in many other diseases)
RPR/VDRL
78
In what diseases can you get a positive RPR/VDRL?
```
syphilis
lupus
pregnancty
malaria
old age
```
79
RPR and VDRL are not positive until how long?
Not until at least one week after chancre appears (as opposed to 3 weeks after infection in the FTA-ABS test)
80
This syphilis test detects IgM/IgG to a "reagin" which is a mixture of cardiolipin, l\ecithin, and cholesterol
RPR AND VDRL
81
which syphilis test would you choose to tract the progress of treatment, and is expressed in a titer form?
RPR/VDRL
82
culture medium used to diagnose leishmaniasis
Novy-McNeal-Nicolle
83
treatment for leishmaniasis
pentavalent antimonial (sodium stibogluconate)
84
pentavalent antimonial is used to treat which disease
cutaneous leishmaniasis
85
treatment for visceral leishmaniasis
amphotericin B
86
What do you use to treat RMSF in pregnant ladies?
Chloramphenicol (usually treat with Doxy)
87
Tick that carries RMSF
```
Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick western US)
Dermacentor variabilis (dog tick in eastern US)
```
88
Rickettsiae Rickettsii
RMSF
89
Fever, HA, myalgias, rash that spreads from hands and feet onto the body
RMSF
90
Another name for Boutonneuse fever
Mediterranean spotted fever
91
What does R. conorri cause?
Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
92
Tick vector for Boutonneuse fever
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
93
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Tick vector for Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
94
formal name of the BROWN DOG TICK
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
95
Tache noir
indurated papule at the site of a tick bite which leads to a necrotic ulcer (seen in Meditteranean Spotted fever)
96
What disease is Tache noir associated with?
Boutonnese fever (Meditteranean spotted fever)
97
Name the bacteria and vector of Boutonnesuese fever
```
R. conorii
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
```
98
Riettsialpox: bacteria and vector
R. akari
&
vector: mouse mite (Liponyssodies sanguineus)
99
What disease is caused by a mouse mite bite?
Rickettsial pox
100
Liponyssoides sanguineus
Mouse Mite (causes Rickettsialpox)
101
R. akari
Rickettsialpox
102
People with HLA-DQ1 are more likely to form which type of leprosy?
Lepromatous (TH2 response)
103
People with HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3 are more prone to form which type of leprosy?
Tuberculoid (TH1 response)
104
IL-2, TNF-alpha, IFN-beta are all cytokines seen in what kind of response?
Cell-mediated immune response (TH1)
105
IL-4, IL-10 represent which type of immune response?
Humoral/antibody mediated (TH2)
106
A person being treated for lepromatous leprosy has a severe reaction during treatment and develops vasculitis (E nodosum leprosum). What to treat with?
Thalidomide
107
What do you treat a Type II leprosy reaction state with?
Thalidomide
108
What do you treat a Type I leprosy reaction state with?
Steroid (treat type II with Thalidomide)
109
What is the Lucio reaction?
It is the Type 3 leprosy reaction state in which the patient with lepromatous leprosy develops extensive severe vasculitis
110
Virchow cells
Foamy histiocytes containing M. Leprae in lepromatous leprosy
111
When is a leprosy patient considered no longer infectious during her treatment?
AFTER THE FIRST DOSE OF RIFAMPIN AND DAPSONE
112
What is the BCG vaccine?
Live attenuated TB vaccine with bacteria M. Bovis
113
How long after exposure to TB will your PPD become positive?
2-10 weeks
114
Tender nodule on guy who cleans out fish tanks
Mycobacterium marinum
115
R. Prowazekii
Epidemic Typhus (Louse born)
116
Louse born Typhus
Epidemic Typhus
117
Vector of Epidemic Typhus
Body louse (Pediculosis humanus var. corporis)
118
Someone has a pet flying squirrel and they get a rash - what did they get?
Epidemic Typhus (R. Prowazekii), reservoir is the flying squirrel, vector is the body louse
119
Flea borne Typhus
Endemic Typhus
120
R. Typhi
Endemic Typhus
121
Vector for Endemic Typhus
Rat flea (Xenopsylla Cheops) * Everything is bigger EN teXas)
122
Mite borne Typhus
Scrub Typhus
123
R. Tsutsugamushi
Scrub Typhus
124
Vector for Scrub Typhus
Chiggar mites (Trombiculid)
125
Thrombiculid
Chiggar mite which is a vector for Scrub Typhus
126
Which ticks cause Human Erlichosis?
Amblyomma and Ixodes scapularis
127
Coxiella Burnetii
Q fever
128
Which bacteria causes Q fever?
Coxiella Burnett I
129
Trichphytan concentricum causes:
Tinea Imbricata
130
Tinea imbricata cause by:
T. Concentricum
131
What do you use to culture Leichmeniasis?
NNN culture (Novy-mcNeal-Nicole)
132
Culture medium for Leichmeniasis
NNN
133
Novy-mcNeal-Nicole culture medium
Leichmeniasis
134
What causes MRSA to be resistant?
(PBP2a) Altered penicillin binding protein. Resulting from the mecA gene
135
What gene encodes the PCP2a protein (causing MRSA resistance)
MecA gene
136
What is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)
Associated with increased virulence in CA-MRSA infections
137
What part of the body is strep a normal flora?
Vagina and aerodigestive tract
138
What is the most pathogenic form of strep?
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
139
What do you treat erysipelas with?
Penicillin
140
Pastias lines
Linear petechiael streaks along body folds in Scarlett fever
141
Fever, erythema, then bullae and desquamation in the body folds
Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome
142
Name four diseases caused by Corynebacterium
Erythrasma
Trichomycosis Axillaris
Pitted Keratolysis
Cutaneous Diptheria
143
Meat handlers/fish handlers get this gram positive disease
Erysipeloid (painful red purple patches on the hands)
144
What is the most common gram negative infection that we deal with in dermatology in the US?
Pseudomonas
145
What chemical in a pseudomonas infection produces the green-blue pigment?
Pyocyanin
146
What chemical in pseudomonas produces the green-yellow pigment?
Fluorescein
147
What pigment producing chemical in psuedomonas produces the brown black pigment in pseudomonas?
Pyomelanin
148
You can get Parinaud-oculoglandular syndrome from what three conditions?
Sarcoidosis
Tularemia
Cat Scratch Disease (bartonella)
149
Which rickettsial borne illness has a negative Weil-Felix test?
Rickettsialpox
150
Warthin-Starry stain
Bacillary Angiomatosis
151
What stain do you use to identify bacillary angiomatosus?
Warthin-Starry
152
What an atomic structure does Ramsey Hunt syndrome involve?
HSV of the geniculate ganglion
153
What do you treat treatment resistant HSV with?
foscarnet
154
Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki
Crash and Burn
Fever (burn)
```
C-conjunctivitis
R-rash
A-adenopathy
S-strawberry tongue
H-hands and feet
```
155
Which can flouresce, endothrix or ectothrix fungi?
Some of ectothrix can
156
What wavelength does ectothrix fungi flouresce at?
365nm
(365nm - earth, on a mercury (mercury) lamp made of nickel chromium oxide (planets) filter
157
What wavelength, material, and filter is a Woods lamp?
365nm mercury lamp with a nickel chromium oxide filter
158
What is the pneumonic for endothrix?
```
Ringo (t. Rubrum)
Gave (t. Gourvilli)
Yoko (t. Yaoundé)
Two (t. Tonsurans)
Squeaky (t. Soudanese)
Violins (t. Violaceum)
```
159
Most common cause of tinea capitis
T. Tonsurans
160
Which fungus is endothrix and ectothrix
T. Rubrum
161
What is the second most (and most inflammatory) cause of tinea capitis?
M. Canus
162
Which organism causes Favus?
T. Schoenleinii
163
What chemical causes ectothrix to flouresce?
Pteridine
164
What chemical causes corynebacterium to flouresce?
Copoporphyrin III
165
What chemical causes pseudomonas to flouresce?
Pyocyanine
166
Most common type of tinea pedis
T. Rubrum, T. Floccasum
167
Cause of bullous tinea pedis
T. Mentagrophytes
168
Most common cause of onychomycosis
T. Rubrum
169
Most common type of white superficial spreading onychomycosis
T. Mentag. (But in HIV patients, T rubrum is the most common for white superficial spreading)
170
What two conditions does t. Mentag cause
Bullous tinea and white superficial spreading onychomycosis
171
What causes tinea imbricata?
T. Concentricum
172
What stain outlines fungi black?
GMS
173
What stain outlines fungi magenta with green background?
PAS
174
Which stain stains dematiaceous (pigment producing) fungi? Like Tinea Nigra
Fontana-Masson
175
Which stain stains the capsule of cyrptococcus?
Mucicarmine
176
What is the chemical that tinea versicolor produces which causes hypopigmentation?
Azelaic acid
177
What organism causes black Piedra?
Piedraia hortae
178
What organism causes white piedra?
Trichosporon cutaneum
| *cute little white spores!
179
Tinea corporis aquired from the soil - what organism?
T. Gypsum
180
Most common organism causing Majocchis granuloma
T. Rubrum
181
Ketoconazole - fungistatic or fungicidal?>
Fungistatic
182
Treatment for Tinea Capitis
Griseofulvin 25mg
183
Name the pneumonic for fluorescent ectothrix
```
Cats (M. Canus)
And (M. Audouninii)
Dogs (M. Distortum)
Fight (M. Ferrugineum)
&
Growl (M. Gypsum)
Sometimes (T. Schoenleinii)
```
184
What kind of fungus (endothrix ectothrix fluorescent, nonfluorescent) is T. Schoenleinii
Ectothrix flourescent
185
Which is the only flourescent Trichophyton ectothrix
T. Schoenleinii (the rest of them are M. Canus)
186
What is the candidal infection in between the third and fourth webspace of the finger called?
Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
187
Black widow spider releases what toxin?
Alpha-latrotoxin (Depolarizes neurons)
188
Surgical abdomen after a spider bite -which spider?
Black widow (lactodectus mactans).
189
This spider's toxin is spingomyelinase D
Brown recluse (Loxoseles reclusa)
190
Brown recluse spider's toxin
Spingomyelinase D
191
What does the hobo spider look like?
Herringbone striped pattern on the abdomen
192
Jumping spider has what kind of toxin
Hyaluronidase ("jump high"
193
Wolf spider has what kind of toxin?
Histamine
194
Which spider's web is funnel shaped?
Hobo spider
195
Old world Leichmaniasis vector
| New world Leichmaniasis vector
(Both sandfly)
Old world:Phlebotomus
New world: Lutzomyia
196
Tapir face
Perforation of the nasal septum in Mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis (predominantly New World L. Brazilinesis
197
Mexican who is harvesting chicle gum in the forest gets a ulceration on his ear.
Chiclets ulcer - caused by new world Leichmaniasis
198
"Black-fever"
"Kala-azar" visceral systemic Leichmaniasis - caused by L. Donovani
199
White islands in a sea of red
Dengue fever
200
What type of virus is Orf caused by?
Parapox
201
Name all of the conditions caused by a pox virus?
```
Molluscum
Orf
Miller's nodule
Vaccinia
Smallpox
Cowpox
```
202
Solitary red purple nodule on the finger or multiple cherry red nodules at site of inoculation
-working with cows and baby calves
Milkers nodule - Parapox
203
Vaccinia caused by what kind of virus?
Orthopox, leading tot he vaccinia virus
204
What is the live virus used for the smallpox vaccine called?
Vaccinia
205
What is eczema vaccinatum?
Diffuse infection at the site of inoculation of a vaccine in atopic patients
206
What significant clinically about smallpox?
Vesicles all in the same stage of development
207
Name two diseases that present similarly to anthrax?
Cowpox
208
Name the ONLY single stranded virus
Parvovirus. *leutinant parvin from cedarville
209
What does togavirus give you?
Rubella
210
What kind of virus is rubella?
Togavirus
211
What kind of virus is HCV, and what other diseases are caused by it?
Flavivirus -also causes Dengue fever and Yellow fever (RNA virus)
212
Dengue fever is caused by what kind of virus?
Flavivirus (RNA)
213
Yellow fever is caused by what kind of virus?
Flavivirus (RNA)
214
Influenza is caused by what kind of virus?
Orthomyxovirus (RNA)
215
Rabies caused by which kind of virus
Rhabdovirus
216
RSV is what kind of virus
Paramyxovirus
217
Measles and mumps are what kind of virus?
Paramyxovirus
218
Name some paramyxovirus
Measles, mumps, RSV
219
HIV and HTLV are what kind of viruses?
Retrovirus
220
Name the dsDNA viruses
```
Herpesvirus
Hepadenovirus (HBV)
Adenovirus
Poxvirus
Papilloma virus
Parvovirus (the only ssDNA)
```
221
Name the live attenuated viruses
```
Influenza nasal spray
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
BCG
Yellow fever
Polio oral
Typhoid oral
```
222
Treat furuncle on the face near the midline with antibiotics because of the risk of what
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
223
What three antibodies become positive after infection with Group A Strep?
Antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase, anti-DNAse B
224
What type of bacteria is corynebacteria?
Gram positive rod
225
Name two examples of gram positive rods
Corynebacteria and Anthrax
226
What to treat erythrasma with? And what is it caused by
Caused by corynebacterium minutissimum and you treat with topical clindamycin
227
Pitted keratolysis caused by what bacteria?
Corynebacterium or kytococcus sedentarius
228
Name the two exotoxins formed by anthrax and name what they each do
Edema toxin - increases cAMP levels
&
Lethal toxin - increases TNFalpha and IL1b
229
What are the
Conventional treatment of anthrax?
Bioterrorism treatment of anthrax?
Conventional is - PCN
| Bioterrorism is cipro or doxy
230
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: white
Nocardia
231
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color:Pink/cream
Actinomadura Madurai
232
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Yellow or brown
Streptomyces
233
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Red
Actinomadura pelletieri
234
Recurrent meningitis in patients with what type of complement deficiency?
C5-9
235
Streptobacillus moniliformis causes what disease?
Ratbite fever/Haverhill fever
236
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
237
Acrodermatitis chronic atrophic and
Loss of subcutaneous fat w/thin atrophic skin associated with Lyme disease
238
Finding in Lyme disease: loss of subcutaneous fate with thin atrophic skin
Acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans
239
What nerve is commonly affected in early disseminated Lyme disease
Facial nerve
240
Tick causing Lyme disease in the eastern US
Ixodes dammini (Ixodes scapularis)
241
Tick causing Lyme disease in the wester US
Ixodes pacificus
242
Tick causing Lyme disease in Europe
Ixodes ricinus
243
What do you give to pregnant women to treat Lyme disease?
Amoxicillin (doxycycline in normal folks)
244
Firm bluish tumor or plaque appearing on the ear lobes of children or the nipples of adults
Borrelial lymphocytoma (lymphocytoma cutis). Caused by b. Afzelli or borriela garinii both only present in Europe
245
What three diseases are caused by pediculus humanus var. coporis
Louse born relapsing fever
Epidemic typhus
Trench fever
246
Tick borne relapsing fever caused by what vector
Soft ticks - ornithodoros
247
Soft ticks - ornithodoros are the vector for what disease?
Tick-born relapsing fever
248
Name a few other names for Leptospriosis
For Bragg fever
Pretibial fever
Weil disease
249
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis
250
Painful pretibial plaques, conjunctivitis, jaundice, diffuse extanthum
Leptospirosis
251
Painful pretibial plaques
Leptospirosis
252
Organism which causes Yaws
Treponemum pallidum (subspecies pertunue)
253
Another name for Frambesia
Yaws
254
One to few erythematous papules at inoculation site which disappears, then new smaller lesions spread symmetrically over the body, finally can get gum at a, keratoderma, midfacial distruction
Yaws
255
Treatment for general and non-general treponematoses
Benzathine PCN
256
Organism causing endemic syphilis (Bejel disease)
Treponema pallidum (endemicum subtype)
257
Organism causing Pinta (carate)
Treponema carateum
258
What organism causes Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
259
Name the disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
260
Gram stain "school of fish"
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
261
Treatment of Chancroid
Azithromycin 1g or Ceftriaxone IM
262
Bacteria causing Granuloma inguinale
Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis (related to Klebsiella)
263
Another name for Donovanosis
Granuloma inguinale
264
Painless subcutaneous papule which ulcerates with painful, beefy, red granulation tissue
Granuloma inguinale
265
Which venereal disease has Donovan bodies and russel bodies on path?
Granuloma inguinale
266
Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by which bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis
267
Chlamydia trachomatis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
268
Gamma-Favre bodies
Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis)
269
PPD positive how many days after exposure?
2-10 weeks
270
Patient with TB gets a deep nodule over the cervical lymph node
Scrofuloderma (seen in a sensitized host with low immunity)
| *route is contiguous spread from underlying lymphadenitis
271
Direct inoculation of TB presenting as a painless red-brown papule at the inoculation site
Tuberculous chancre (seen in non-sensitized host with no prior immunity)
272
What is the most common cutaneous manifestation of TB?
Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis (Warty TB)
* presents as a small indurated hyperkeratotic papule or warty plaque with serpiginous border
* route is exogenous - reinfection with direct inoculation at the site of trauma
273
Apple jelly red-brown nodules involving the face or neck in a patient with TB
Lupus vulgaris *associated with the highest immunity
274
Painful erythematous papule ulcerated in the oral cavity with TB
Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
275
Tiny blue-red papules which become crusted, seen mainly in infants or immunosuppressed patients, associated with TB
Military tuberculosis
276
What route is military tuberculosis spread?
Hematogenous
277
Subcutaneous inflammatory nodule with ulceration on posterior calves
Erythema induratum (Bazin)
278
Ridged wart HPV type
HPV 60
279
Best site for biopsy of rabies
The neck
280
Guarneri bodies
Smallpox
281
Which increases the risk of transmitting HSV infection from mom to fetus more:
-primary infx of the mom vs secondary infx of the mom
PRIMARY infection has a MUCH higher risk of transmission (25-50%)
VS
Secondary infection (2-5%)
282
What bacteria causes Rhinoscleroma
Klebsiella Pneumonia
283
Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by what bacteria
Pseudomonas
284
What do you treat erythema nodosum leprosum with?
Thalidomide
285
Name one disease you treat with Thalidomide?
Erythema nodosum leprosum
286
Culture medium for atypical mycobacteria
Ziehl-Nelson stain; Lowenstein Jensen culture medium
287
What do you treat a fish tank granuloma with?
Minocycline
288
Buruli ulcer (bacteria that causes)
M. Ulcerans (this is an atypical mycobacterium
| *ulcer on the hand after minor trauma - associated with agricultural activities
289
Which atypical mycobacterium are photochromagens? (Pigmentation on exposure to light)
M. Kansasii
M. Mariunum
M. Simiae
*monkey swim in kansas in the summer
290
What three diseases does the Ixodes Scapularis tick cause?
Lyme disease
Babesiosis
Erlichiosis (human granulocytic)
291
What disease does the Dermacenter tick (American dog tick) cause?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
292
Ambylomma Americanum tick causes what disease
RMSF, Ehrlichiosis
293
Which types of Leichmaniasis cause Visceral (Kala-azar)?
L. Donovani
L. Infantry
L. Changasi
294
Stewart Treves syndrome
Development of angiosarc in the setting of chronic lymphedema
295
What do you treat the plaque with?
Streptomycin
296
Treatment for Brucellosis
Doxycycline
297
Treatment for Glanders
Streptomycin, or doxycycline
298
Treatment for vibrio
Doxycycline
299
Treatment for Malakoplakia
Cipro
300
Treatment for Rhinoscleroma
Cipro
301
Treatment for Haverhill/rat bite fever
Penicillin
302
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Rat-bite/Haverhill fever
303
Fever, arthritis, ulceration of the site of the bite, associated with rash, acral distribution
Ratbite/Haverhill fever (streptobacillus moniliformis)
304
What percent of cases is RMSF "spotless"
10-20%
305
B. Garinii
| B. Afzelli cause what condition?
Borrelial lymphocytoma (firm bluish tumor or plaque on the earlobes of children, nipples of adults)
306
Non-venereal treponemal infection with white vitiligo-like lesions on the face, hands, wrists
Pinta (carate) caused by treponema carateum
307
Gamma Favre bodies
Lymphogranuloma venereum
308
"The groove sign"
Pathopneumonic in Lymphogranuloma venerem - which is the enlargement of the femoral lymph nodes, separated by Poupart ligament
309
What is the culture medium to grow leprosy?
None! There is no culture medium trick question. It can only be grown in mouse foot pad or non-banded armadillo
310
Which two cutaneous manifestations of TB are from an exogenous route, and what is the difference between the two?
Tuberous chancre - in a nonsensitized person
| Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis - re-inoculation of a previously sensitized person
311
Which cutaneous manifestation of TB occurs in a person with the highest immunity?
Lupus vulgaris
312
Which type of leprosy is cell mediated vs not?
Cell mediated - Tuberculid (CD4 cell prominence :/)
| Non cell mediated - Lepromatous (CD8 cell prominence :/)
313
Describe the three leprosy reaction states and what you treat each with
Type 1 - reversal reaction (upgrading downgrading) - Steroids
Type 2- E. Nodosum leprosum -Thalidomide
Type 3 - Lucio reaction - vasculitis - Steroids
314
Which is the only leprosy reactional state that you dont treat with steroids?
Type 2 E Nodosum leprosum - treat with Thalidomide!!!!
315
Buruli ulcer
M. Ulcerans (atypical mycobacteria) presents as a growing ulcer on the abdomen of a child in Africa. Treatment is excision
316
Treatment for Burulli ulcer
Excision
317
Quickly name the atypical mycobacteria
```
M. Marinum - fishtank granuloma
M. Ulcerans - Buruli ulcer
M. Fortuitum - fast growing
M. Adium complex - lung, immunosuppressed
M. Kansasii - photochromagens
```
318
Name the three photochromagen atypical mycobacteria
M. Kansasii
M. Marinum
M. Simiae
*monkey swim in kansas in the sun
319
On what part of the hand do you usually find erosio interdigitalis blastomycosis?
Fingers - 3rd webspace
| Toes - 4th webspace
320
What is scytalidium dimidatium and what do you treat it with?
The black nail! A dematiaceous (pigmented) fungus, treat with itraconazole
321
Treatment for scytalidium dimidatum
Itraconazole
322
Most common new-world species of Leichmaniasis
L. Braziliensis
323
Name the causes of mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis
Old world - L. Aethipica
| New world - L. Brazillensis, L. Peruviana
324
What two conditions do you treat with Streptomycin?
Tularemia and the Plague
325
Name some infections (besides syphilis) that you use penicillin to treat with?
Haverhill fever/Rat bite fever
| Leptospirosis
326
Treatment for amebiasis
Oral metronidazole
327
Treatment for Chagas' disease
Nitrofurtimox/benznidazole
328
First stage -indurated chancre, resolves, fevers, anular erythematous patches, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, then second stage of daytime somnolence
Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis)
329
Another name for African Trypanosomiasis
Sleeping sickness
330
Vector for African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness)
Tsetse fly (glossina spp.)
331
Glossina spp.
Tsetse fly - vector in sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)
332
Winter bottoms sign associated with what tropical disease?
African sleeping sickness(African trypanosomiasis) caused by the tstste fly glossina spp
333
Treatment for African sleeping sickness
Suramin
Or
Pentamidine
334
Pentamidine and suramin are treatments for what tropical disease?
African sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis, caused by tsetse fly)
335
Treatment for toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine
336
Organism causing cutaneous larva migrans
Ancylostoma braziliense
337
Anclostoma braziliense
Cutaneous larva migrans
338
Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans
Topical thiabendazole OR oral ivermectin
339
Calabar swelling
Another name for Loiasis
340
Another name for Loasis
Calabar swelling
341
Subcutaneous swelling and conjunctivitis of the eye with a parasite
Loiasis
342
Vector in Loiasis
Deer or mango fly (Chrysops) *because Loiasis makes you a cyclops after it gets in one eye
343
What do you treat Loiasis with?
DEC
344
Treatment for filariasis
DEC
345
What three protozoan infections do you treat with DEC?
Onchocerciasis
Loiasis
Filariasis
346
Wuchereria bancrofti
Organism causing filariasis
347
Another name for Guinea worm disease
Dracunculiasis
348
Vector for Dracunculiasis
Infected water crustaceans (cyclops)
*remember though that Chrysops which is a deer or mango fly causes Loiasis bc you turn into a cyclops bc it gets in your eye
349
In which parasitic infection do you get wheezing puritis and urticaria as the worm migrates from the GI tract to lower leg skin?
Draculinosis
350
Treatment of Dracuculiasis
Thiabendazole
351
Treatment for onchocerciasis
Ivermectin or
| DEC (which causes the Mazzoti reaction)
352
Treatment for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
353
What is the acute form of schistosomiasis called
Katayama fever
354
Katayama fever
Acute form of schistosomiasis
| *Treatment with praziquantel
355
River blindness
Onchocerciasis
356
Sub cutaneous nodules containing worms, depigmentation on lower legs, vision loss
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
357
What is the rate of movement of the larva migrans in strongyloides (larva currens?)
5-10cm/h
358
Larva currens
Strongyloides
359
Treatment for strongyloides (larva currens)
Albendazole, thiabendazole, ivermectin
360
What is different about the clinical presentation of scabies in kids vs adults?
Can see it on the scalp and face in kids
361
How do you treat crabs?
Same as head lice (it is lice of the pubic hair)
362
Maculae Caerulea
Slate gray or blue macules on the pubis of people with pubic lice (phthirus pubis)
363
How often does the head louse:
Feed?
Lay eggs?
Feeds every 4-6 hours
| Lays eggs every 5-10 days
364
What is a risk in using Malathion as a lice treatment?
Flammable
365
Old school lice treatment Lindane, and organochloride, no longer first line because of what potential complication
Neural toxicity (seizures, confusion)
366
A child comes home from school after being treated for a lice breakout in his school and he has a seizure. What was the drug he was most likely treated with?
Lindane
367
Which lice remedy should you not give if treating someone with allergy to ragweed or crysanthemums?
Pyrethrin
368
Potential side effect of Pyrethrin lice treatment?
Allergy in person who is allergic to ragweed or cysanthemum (bc pryrethrin is made from crysanathemum)
369
Which lice treatment is derived from crysanthemums?
Pryrethrin
370
Name the 4 lice treatments and their side effects
1. Malathion - flammable
2. Lindaine - neural toxicity
3. Pyrmetherin - none. High resistance
4. Pyrethrin - cross reaction with crysanthemums/ragweed
371
At what temperature is histo a yeast and at what temp does it have septae
25 degrees it has hyphae and septae (when you are 25 you get high*)
37 degrees it is a yeast (think has a bun in the oven)
372
What antibiotic is good to use if pt allergic to PCN?
Erythromycin
373
What drugs used to treat Gpositives
PCN
Erythromycin
Kephlex
374
```
What is the antigen that mediates TSS caused by:
Staph
Vs
Strep
Choices: ET-A/ET-B vs SPE-A
```
Staph - ET-A/ET-B
| Strep - SPE-A
375
C. Minutissimum causes what condition
Erythrasma
376
C. Tenuis VS C. Minutissimum - which one causes erythrasma and which one causes trichomycosis axillaris?
C. Minutissimum causes erythrasma
| C. Tenuis causes trichomycosis axillaris
377
Treatment for Erysipeloid?
*fish handlers disease, seen in butchers, meat-handlers, red in the third webspace of fingers
Treat with PCN or Erythromycin if PCN allergy
378
Difference between Ecthyma and Ecthyma Gangrenosum
Ecthyma is a strep infection - treat with dicloxacillin
| Ecthyma gangrenosum is a pseudomonal infection - treat with IV amminoglycoside
379
What do you treat psuedomonal folliculitis with? (Hot tub folliculitis)
NOTHING. It is self limited
380
Recurrent meningitis patients may have a defect in what cellular pathway component
C5-9
381
Treatment for meningococcemia
High dose IV PCN or third gen cephalosporin
382
Treatment for Brucellosis
Streptomycin
or Doxy with Rifampin
383
Treatment for Glanders
Streptomycin
384
Treatment for Tularemia
Streptomycin
385
Treatment for Vibrio
Tetracycline
386
Treatment for the plague
Streptomycin
387
Treatment for Malakoplakia
Cipro and surgical removal
388
Treatment for Rhinoscleroma
Cipro
389
Treatment for Rat-bite/Haverhill fever
Streptomycin
390
What is the aminoglycoside used to treat glanders, brucellosis, plague, ratbite fever, tularemia
Streptomycin
391
What cutaneous infectious diseases does Streptomycin treat?
```
Glanders
Brucellosis
Plague
Tularemia
Rat-bite Fever
```
*basically all of the weird gram negative ones. Streptomycin is an amminoglycoside!
392
Treatment for fish tank granuloma (m. Marinum)
Minocycline!
393
Treatment for Buruli Ulcer
Excision! (Drug therapy is disappointing)
394
Treatment for fast growing mycobacterial infection (FAC)
Clarithromycin
395
Treatment for Lobomycosis
Surgical excision (antifungals are ineffective)
396
Treatment for mycetoma
Oral antifungal (itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin) and debridement
397
Treatment for chromobrlastomycosis
Surgery and/or itraconazole
398
Treatment for sporotrichosis
Itraconazole or supersaturated potassium iodide (for lypmhocutaneous form)
399
What do you treat the lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis with?
SSKI (super-saturated potassium iodide)
400
A gardener gets a subcutaneous nodule, which ulcerates and then begins spreading up his leg.
What is this?
What does it look like on path?
What is the treatment?
Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
Sporothirx asteroid body (yeast cell with surrounding eosinophilic fringe
Treat with SSKI (supersaturated potassium iodide)
*side note: the treatment for non lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis is just itraconazole
401
What is a favorable sign in pulmonary coccidiomycosis?
Erythema nodosum
402
What other condition do coccidomycosis lesions in an HIV patient resemble?
Molluscum
403
Which deep fungal infection resembles molluscum in an HIV patient?
Coccidiomycosis
404
Treatment for severe cases of histoplasmosis, less severe cases?
Severe cases - amphotericin B
| Nonsevere cases - Ketoconazole
405
Treatment for blastomycosis and also paracoccidio (South American blastomycosis)
Oral antifungal like itraconazole/ketoconazole
406
Treatment for Cryptococcus?
Amphotericin B +/- flucytosine
407
What do you add to amphotericin B to help treat crypto?
Flucytosine
408
Which antifungal can cause drug induced LE?
Terbinafine and Griseofulvin
409
Name the two types of treponemal tests for syphilis
FTA-ABS
MHA-TP
*RPR and VDRL are NONtreponemal serologic tests
410
What are the two most sensitive and specific tests for syphilis
Also
Which is the first serologic test to become positive in syphilis?
1. Most sensitive/specific = treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP)
2. Quickest to become positive: nontreponemal (RPR/VDRL)
411
What stain identifies spirochetes of syphilis?
Warthin Starry stain
412
What does the Warthin Starry stain detecT?
Syphilis spirochetes
413
What is OVERALL (serologic, treponemal, nontreponemal, path stains ect) most sensitive and specific test to detect PRIMARY syphilis?
Darkfield microscropy
*treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP) are the most sensitive and specific SEROLOGIC tests
And the *nontreponemal tests (VDRL AND RPR) are the serologic tests used to track progress of treatment
414
What is a stain you can use to determine Kaposis?
HHV -8 (or another name for it is the LANA-1 stain)
415
What else can tularemia be caused by besides rabbits?
Deer Fly (its actually called deer fly fever sometimes)
416
Test for Sarcoidosis (old school, not done anymore)
Kevin-siltzback rest ( where they inject ansarcoid granuloma from the spleen into the skin and see if it reacts - yuck)
417
Kveim-Siltzback test
Test for Sarcoidosis
418
Two viruses implicated in Gianotti-Crosti syndrome
HBV, EBV (HHV4)
419
Gianotti Crosti Syndrome - viruses implicated
EBV (HHV4), HBV
420
Virus implicated in Hand foot and mouth disease
Cocksackie (an enterovirus)
421
If you see a bite with TWO PUNCTURE WOUNDS what organism could it be
CENTIPEDE
422
What is the venoumous substance in honey bee venom?
Phospholipase
423
HPV type EDV (cancerous types)
HPV 5,8
424
HPV type plantar wart
HPV type 1
425
HPV type verrucous carcinoma
HPV 6,11
426
HPV type Heck’s disease
HPV 13, 32
427
HPV type Butchers wart
HPV 2, 7
428
HPV ridged wart
HPV 60
429
HPV Bowenoid papulosis
HPV 16, 18
430
HPV type flat wart
HPV type 3,10
