Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are main causes of infectious cardiac disease?

A

implanted devices, pre-procedural prophylaxis, procedures, type of device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what microorganisms cause infectious diseases?

A

staph aureus, staph epidermis which act as biofilms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are biofilms

A

slow growing vegetations that can cause infection over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some non-specific symptoms that present with infection?

A

fever, pain, swelling, redness, discharge, haematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what ix if carried out if someone presents with non-specific symptoms of infection?

A

blood cultures=3 sets of bloods before Antibis given
gram film=distinguish between staph a & staphylococcus
echo= shows vegetations on valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the classes of infective endocarditis

A

subacute and acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is infective endocarditis

A

infection of endothelium of heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True/False…

infective endocarditis is typically right sided

A

False…

typically left sided (mitral & aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when does right sided infective endocarditis (usually tricuspid valve) usually present?

A

in PWIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what microorganism is usually responsible for causing infective endocarditis in PWIDs

A

staph a / bacillus serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the pathophysiology of endocarditis

A

heart valve damage > turbulent blood flow > platelet & fibrin deposits > bacteraemia deposits in fibrin > vegetations that digest heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are triggers of endocarditis?

A

valve abnormalities, prosthetic valves, PWIDs, IV lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are presenting symptoms of acute infective endocarditis

A

sepsis, cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are presenting symptoms of subacute endocarditis

A

fever, malaise, wt loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some signs of endocarditis

A

murmur, pyrexia, clubbing, splinter haemorrhages, roth spots, osler’s nodes, janeway lesions, haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which out of roth spots, osler’s nodes and janeway lesions are painful?

A

Osler’s Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is haematuria

A

blood cells leak into urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why does clubbing occur

A

in cardiothoracic disease when there isn’t enough O2 in blood e.g. bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how to ix infective endocarditis

A

echo etc and use DUKE’S criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tx dependent on cause for infective endocarditis

A

native valve: amoxicillin/ gent
prosthetic valve: IV vancomycin & gent
PWIDs: flucloxacillin IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what drug is added to prosthetic valve tx 3-5 days after vancomycin & gent?

A

Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what antibi for staph aureus

A

IV flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what antibi for viridian’s streptococci

A

IV benzylpenicillin & gent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what antibi for for enterococci

A

IV amoxi & gent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what antibi for staph epidermis

A

IV vancomycin & gent & rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what tx should be pursued if Antibis do not work

A

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are some complications of infective endocarditis

A

acute valvular incompetence, cardiac failure, fistula, abscess, pericarditis, emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are 2 sub-types of infective endocarditis

A

prosthetic valve endocarditis, PWID endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is main complication of PWID endocarditis

A

septic emboli

30
Q

what are causes of non-infectious endocarditis

A

rheumatic fever, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, carcinoid heart disease, systemic lupus, tumours

31
Q

what is the commonest heart tumour

A

atrial myxoma

32
Q

in what age group is myocarditis most common in

A

young people

33
Q

what is myocarditis

A

inflammation of heart muscle

34
Q

what does myocarditis look like

A

thick beefy inflamed myocardium

35
Q

infective causes of myocarditis

A

lyme’s disease, HIV, Chaga’s Disease, viruses

36
Q

what virus microorganism usually causes myocarditis

A

Coxsackie

37
Q

non-infective causes of myocarditis

A

hypersensitivity reaction to infection (rheumatic fever) or to drugs (eosinophilic myocarditis), lupus

38
Q

how does rheumatic fever affect the heart

A

mitral stenosis, thickening and fusion of valve leaflets, thick chordae tendinae

39
Q

what are presenting symptoms of myocarditis

A

chest pain, SOB, fever, palpitations, fatigue, tachycardia, HF, S4 HS

40
Q

signs of myocarditis

A

arrhythmia, cardiac failure

41
Q

ix for myocarditis

A

Viral PCR, throat swab, stool sample
ECG
Echo
Endomyocardial biopsy

42
Q

what would be seen on an ECG of a patient with myocarditis?

A

ST changes, T wave inversion, atrial arrhythmias

43
Q

Tx for myocarditis

A

supportive (fluid, NSAIDs)

44
Q

what is the main complication of autoimmune myocarditis/ hypersensitivity myocarditis?

A

Can cause dilated cardiomyopathy

45
Q

pericarditis has a similar epidemiology as…

A

myocarditis ie. young people often affected

46
Q

classes of pericarditis

A

infectious, immune mediated, idiopathic (III)

47
Q

what is pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardial layers

48
Q

triggers of pericarditis

A

myocarditis, post MI if pt has Dressler’s syndrome

viruses, bacteria, fungi

49
Q

what viruses are responsible for Pericarditis?

A

coxsackie, ECHO virus

50
Q

what bacteria causes pericarditis

A

extension from elsewhere in body e.g. TB

51
Q

True/False…

fungi cause pericarditis in cancer patients

A

True…

fungi may cause pericarditis in immunocompromised

52
Q

presenting symptoms of pericarditis

A

chest pain which is relived by sitting forward

53
Q

what is the main sign of pericarditis

A

pericardial rub

54
Q

ix for pericarditis & what would be seen

A

ECG: saddle shaped ST elevation, PR depression

55
Q

tx for pericarditis

A

supportive: fluids & NSAIDs

56
Q

complications of pericarditis

A

pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac failure

57
Q

what is pericardial effusion

A

fluid in pericardial sac

58
Q

what are cause of pericardial effusion

A

aortic dissection, myocardial rupture, pericarditis (AMP)

59
Q

clinical sings of pericardial effusion

A

dyspnoea, chest pain, muffled HS

60
Q

how to diagnose a pericardial effusion

A

CXR- large, globular heart
ECG- low QRS (pressure of fluid in pericardial cavity reduces ability of ventricles to expand)
Echo- fluid around heart

61
Q

mx of pericardial effusion

A

pericardiocentesis

62
Q

what is a cardiac tamponade

A

blood in heart sac

63
Q

clinical signs of a tamponade

A

tachycardia, hypotensive*, pulsus paradoxus, elevated JVP/ bulging neck veins, muffled HS

64
Q

what is pulsus paradoxis

A

a greater than 10mmHg pressure change in systolic BP

65
Q

how to ix cardiac tamponade

A

Beck’s Triad (falling BP, raised JVP, muffled HS)

  • ECG (low QRS)
  • Echo (fluid)
66
Q

what is constrictive pericarditis (CP)

A

heart encased in rigid sac

67
Q

causes of CP

A

idiopathic, TB, pericarditis

68
Q

clinical signs of CP

A

raised JVP, RV failure, diffused apex, quiet HS, oedema, hepatomegaly

69
Q

ix for Constrictive Pericarditis

A

CXR- small heart
ECG-low QRS with flat T wave
Echo- thick pericardium

70
Q

tx for CP

A

surgical resection of pericardium

71
Q

what is strep viridans

A

viridian’s streptococci are a gram+ bacteria that are a-haemolytic hence produce green coloration on blood agar plates

Cardiovascular (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions