Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Acute Coronary Syndrome > Flashcards

Acute Coronary Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

what is acute coronary syndrome an umbrella term for

A

for acute presentation of coronary artery disease-STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

while angina is predictable and safe, acute coronary syndrome is…

A

unpredictable and dangerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 stages of the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome

A

initiation: plaque ruptures (diff reasons inc thickness etc)
adhesion: platelets adhere to site of injury
activation: platelets activate & recruit other adhesion molecules to injury site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is activation stage amplified

A

aggregation & activation triggers inflammatory cascade resulting in clotting cascade initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are men or women more vulnerable to MI

A

men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 classes of MI

A

STEMI, NSETMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what subtypes of STEMI are there

A 
inferior [ST elevation in leads ii,iii & aVF]
lateral [leads i, aVL, V5/6]
anterior [leads V1-V6]
anteroseptal [V1-V4]
anterolateral [i. aVL, V1-V6]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes a NSTEMI

A

2y to ischaemia-not due to blockage;

  • due to inc O2 demand e.g. LVH, tachy
  • or dec O2 supply e.g. anaemia, hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an MI

A

insufficient blood supply to heart leading to tissue death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aetiology of MI

A

smoking, HT, fhx, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

presenting symptoms of MI

A

crushing central chest pain radiating to jaw and arm, sweating, dizziness, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the difference between Mi presentation and angina

A

MI is prolonged, not relieved by rest/GTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are MI signs on an ECG

A

STEMI

  • ST elevation: >1mm elevation in more than 1 adjacent limb leads
  • T wave inversion show hx of MI/ tissue death
  • pathological Q waves
  • new LBBB (left bundle branch block)

NSTEMI

  • ST depression
  • T wave inversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what enzymes and protein markers are elevated in an MI

A

cardiac enzymes: creatinine kinase

protein markers: troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 2 types of troponin and what do they show

A

TnI & TnT show myocyte necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

for what is a GRACE score taken

A

NSTEMI

17
Q

acute tx for STEMI?

A
  1. analgesia- morphine/anti-emetics
  2. anticoagulants- aspirin & ticagrelor
  3. O2 & GTN
  4. thrombolysis
  5. 1y angioplasty (PCI)
18
Q

post MI tx?

A

statin, ACEI, dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin & ticagrelor), BBs

19
Q

complications of MI

A

arrhythmic: v.fib
structural: rupture (VSD), LV aneurysm, acute pericarditis, dressler’s
functional: acute ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock

20
Q

NSTEMI tx?

A
  1. aspirin & clopidogrel
  2. heparin
  3. BBs
  4. group 2b/3a inhibitors
  5. surgery-PCI
21
Q

what are the 2 types of cause of heart failure

A
  • impaired LV filling (diastolic failure- Vs can’t relax and fill)
  • impaired ejection of blood (systolic failure)
22
Q

what are the 3 anatomical types of heart failure

A

LV failure; RV failure, acute heart failure

23
Q

what causes LV failure

A

IHD, MI, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease

24
Q

clinical features of LV failure?

A

dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, tachycardia, basal crept., 3rd heart sound

25
Q

tests carried out to ix LV & RV failure

A

CXR shows cardiomegaly & PO, ECG, echo, NT-proBNP test

26
Q

causes of RV failure

A

2y to left side HF, cor pulmonale, congenital Heart disease

27
Q

clinical signs of RV failure

A

peripheral oedema- ankle & sacrum, JVP elevated, hepatomegaly, ascites

28
Q

what is heart failure

A

failure of the heart to perfuse body

29
Q

what is the pathophysiology of HF

A

compensatory mechanisms become pathological with development of HF e.g. Na retention

30
Q

causes of HF

A

CHD, HT, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, arrhythmias

31
Q

symptoms of HF

A

SOB, reduced exercise tolerance, fatigue

32
Q

signs of HF

A

elevated JVP, oedema, crepitations, 3rd/4th heart sounds

33
Q

ix for HF

A

1st: ECG, Echo (shows structure of heart-cardiomegaly?)
2nd: CXR, hormones, MRI

34
Q

acute Mx for HF

A

GTN, dual anti-platelet therapy, heparin, O2. PCI

35
Q

Rx for HF?

A

RAAS: ACEI, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone)
BBs
vasodilators
SAN blocker (ivabradine)

Cardiovascular (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions