Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
what are signs of a congenital heart disease during pregnancy and after brith?
antenatally: USS abnormalities
birth: cyanosis
day 1-2: murmurs, cyanosis, abnormal pulse
day 3-7: sudden circulatory collapse, shock, cyanosis, SCD
4-6 weeks: reduced feeding, failure to thrive, breathless, sweaty
what are long term factors to consider
developmental problems, emotional and psychological problems
what is transposition of great vessels
aorta comes from RV rather than LV
what happens in duct dependent lesions
circulation halts due to duct collapse- this is an emergency
signs of duct collapse
sever cyanosis/ pallor, tachypnoea, distress, rapid deterioration
tx for duct collapse
ABCDE, prostaglandin E2, supportive
what are clinical signs of heart failure in newborn?
failure to thrive, slow feeding, breathlessness, sweaty, hepatomegaly, creps
what is VSD?
hole in ventricular septum
what type of murmur can be heard in newborns with VSD
pan systolic murmur
ix for VSD
echo
tx for VSD
potentially surgery
what is patent ductus arteriosis
the ductus arteriosis which is physiological before birth fails to close meaning there is an opening between 2 major vessels leaving heart
cause of patent ductus arteriosis
lung vascular resistance fails to drop so shunts remain
what is a main sign of patent ductus arteriosus
large difference in pre and post ductal O2 stats
tx for patent ductus arteriosus
ventilation, O2, inhaled NO, ECLS (ECMO / VAD-basically bypass mechanisms)
who is more likely to have persistent pulmonary HT
sick babies e.g. sepsis or anatomical abnormality at birth
what are 2 subtypes of duct dependent lesions
duct dependent systemic circulation and duct dependent pulmonary circulation
what are 4 types of duct dependent systemic circulation diseases
hypoplastic left heart (RA & LA have no border)
critical aortic stenosis
interrupted aortic arch
critical contraction of aorta
what are 2 types of duct dependent pulmonary circulation diseases?
tricuspid atresia
pulmonary atresia
what doe atresia mean?
abnormal narrowing/absence of body opening/passage e.g. pulmonary atresia is absence of pulmonary valve and replaced with solid tissue
