Histology

Question 1

name the 3 layers of the great vessels and what they are separated by

Answer 1

tunica intima > tunica media > tunica adventitia

separated by elastic lamina

Question 2

what makes up each layer of the great vessels

Answer 2

intima: squamous epithelial cells, basal lamina, thin connective tissue
media: sm
adventitia: connective tissue

Question 3

arteries have..

Answer 3

very elastic due to a lot of SM

Question 4

arterioles have..

Answer 4

less sm in T.Media, little T.Adventitia. connect to post-capillary venules via capillaries

Question 5

capillaries have…

Answer 5

endothelial cells & basal lamina

Question 6

what are 3 types of capillary…

Answer 6

continuous
fenestrated: has pores in walls
sinusoidal/ discontinuous: large gaps

Question 7

True/ False…

sinusoidal capillaries are found in glands

Answer 7

False..
found in liver, spleen
fenestrated are found in glands

Question 8

veins have…

Answer 8

large tunica intima, not very elastic

Question 9

what is different between large veins and small veins

Answer 9

large veins have thick adventitia with longitudinal muscle fibres
small= valves

Question 10

give the 3 layers of the heart

Answer 10

endocardium (inner)
myocardium
epicardium (outside)

Question 11

what is the histology of endocardium

Answer 11

endothelium, basal lamina, thin collagen fibres, dense connective tissue, subendocardial space

Question 12

what is subendocardial space

Answer 12

loose connective tissue with conducting cells

Question 13

what is the histology of the myocardium

Answer 13

bundle of conducting cardiac muscle fibres, connective tissue

Question 14

what is the histology of the epicardium

Answer 14

single layer of flattened epithelium, basal lamina, conn tissue, adipose tissue

Question 15

where are coronary vessels located histologically

Answer 15

in the epicardium embedded in adipose tissue

Question 16

describe the heart skeleton

Answer 16

thick bands of connective tissue between heart components e.g. atria

Question 17

why is the heart skeleton important

Answer 17

electrically isolates atria and ventricles

Question 18

describe the valves histologically

Answer 18

endothelial layer, basal lamina. contain collagen fibres. core contains dense connective tissue

Question 19

what muscle anchors leaflet valves to papillary muscles found in ventricle wall

Answer 19

chordae tendinae

Question 20

what are the 2 types of pericardium

Answer 20

fibrous and serous

Question 21

what is the fibrous pericardium

Answer 21

sac of tough collagenous tissue

Question 22

what is the serous pericardium sub divided into

Answer 22

parietal serous pericardium (facing fibrous peri) and visceral serous pericardium (facing surface of heart)

Question 23

what separated the epicardium and pericardium?

Answer 23

pericardial cavity which has pericardial fluid

Question 24

which is more distal to endocardium- epicardium or visceral serous pericardium

Answer 24

visceral serous pericardium; pericardium comes after 3 layers of heart

Question 25

what are the 3 cell types of the heart

Answer 25

contractile cells, pacemaker cells, conducting cells (purkinje fibres)

Question 26

describe pacemaker cells

Answer 26

small, embedded in connective tissue, little glycogen, few myofibrils

Question 27

describe purkinje fibres

Answer 27

found in subendocardial layer. distribute excitatory activity, glycogen, sparse myofibrils, pale w pale centre

Question 28

how does lymph move through lymphatic vessels

Answer 28

have SM in walls, hydrostatic pressure in tissues, compression of adjacent vessels by voluntary muscles, valves