Infectious diseases Flashcards
How and when does HIV seroconversion illness usually present?
Is presents 3-12 weeks after contact and presents as a glandular fever type illness- sore throat lymphadenopathy malaise, myalgia, arthralgia diarrhoea maculopapular rash mouth ulcers rarely meningoencephalitis
What is SIRS?
Temp <36 or >38
WBC <4 or >12
HR>90
RR>20
Name 4 AIDS defining illnesses?
Kapozis sarcoma
PCP
Toxoplasmosis
CMV retinitis
What tests are used to diagnose syphillis?
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) are two blood tests used to diagnose syphilis.
What is the tx for recurrent genital herpes?
Daily orla valaciclovir
What should a mother who has an outbreak of herpes during pregnancy take up until planned c-section?
Oral aciclovir 400mg TDS
Tetanus information
Intramuscular human tetanus immunoglobulin should be given to patients with high-risk wounds (e.g. Compound fractures, delayed surgical intervention, significant degree of devitalised tissue) irrespective of whether 5 doses of tetanus vaccine have previously been given
If vaccination history is incomplete or unknown then a dose of tetanus vaccine should be given combined with intramuscular human tetanus immunoglobulin for high-risk wounds
Post influenza pneumonia tx?
As a result the BNF advises the co-prescription of flucloxacillin to the standard antibiotic (amoxicillin) in such a situation.
What is the most common cause of diarrhoea in patients with HIV?
Cryptosporidium
Treatment for PCP?
Oral co-trimazole
Treatment of toxoplasmosis?
A 6 month treatment regimen of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine should be commenced immediately.
Meningitis contacts
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of meningitis?
Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin < 3 months
Everyone else - IV cefotaxime
Someone who had the hep b vaccine and responded has come into contact with hep b, what should happen?
Hep b booster
Someone who had the hep b vaccine and didnt respond (or are in the process of the vaccines) has come into contact with hep b, what should happen?
Hep B immune globulin (HBIG) and the vaccine
How many doses of tetanus usually confers life long resistance?
5
Legionnaires disease
flu-like symptoms including fever (present in > 95% of patients) dry cough relative bradycardia confusion lymphopaenia hyponatraemia deranged liver function tests pleural effusion: seen in around 30% of patients
What is the commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?
E.coli
First line tx for falciparum malaria?
Iv artesunate
Diseases which offer protection from malaria?
Sickle cell
G6PD deficiency
HLA-B53
absence of Duffy antigens
Most common organism found on central line infections?
Staph epidermidis
What might you see on a chest x-ray of a HIV patient?
pneumatocoeles
Tx for legionella disease?
Erythromicin
Warty rash associated with syphillis?
condylomata lata
