Cardiology Flashcards
Signs of cardiac tamponade… NEED TO KNOW THIS
Elevated JVP, persistent hypotension and tachycardia despite fluid resuscitation.
Which artery supplies the AV node?
Right coronary artery.
What artery is blocked in an inferior stemi?
Right coronary artery, so if you see an inferior stemi, look for evidence of heart block.
Name two causes of bradycardia?
Hypothermia and cushing reflex (increased ICP)/ heart block
Hypothyroid
Drugs (beta blockers)
What is cushings reflex?
Bradycardia and hypertension and dyspnoea. Indicating raised ICP
Which artery is affected in a posterior MI?
RCA
Management of angina
Calcium channels, beta blockers, nitrates. GTN, 12 hour trop, repeat ECG and arrange cardiac perfusion scan,
What is the first sign of an MI?
Hyper acute t waves, then ST segment elevation then T wave inversion then pathological q wave formation.
Which patients may have a silent MI?
Diabetics and those taking beta blockers
Treatment of VT?
Amiodarone, lidocaine
What is wellens syndrome?
It indicates reperfusion of a previously occluded LAD artery.
T wave inversion in V1-V4
This is a hall marker of RV strain (ie PE).
Next look at lead 1 for s wave
Lead 3 for abnormal q wave and t wave inversion
ECG findings associated with PE
New right axis deviation
New right bundle branch block
New dominant R wave in V1
Non-specific ST segment changes
Pericarditis on an ECG?
Spodvicks sign, downward sloping of the TP segment.
Side effects of furosemide?
Cause hypocalcaemia which would increase PTH causing osteoporosis.
Left lingual consolidation does what?
Obscures the left heart border.
In what condition is digoxin severely indicated?
AF when HF coexistent
Signs of cardiac tamponade?
Pulsus paradoxus, kussmauls sign & low BP
becks triad = muffled heart sounds, increased JVP & hypotension
What is kussmauls sign?
Kussmaul sign is a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (JVP) on inspiration, or a failure in the appropriate fall of the JVP with inspiration. (normally the JVP should fall on inspiration)
What is pulsus paradoxus?
Normally the bp lowers on inspiration but in conditions like cardiac tamponade there can be an abnormal decrease which can make it hard to detect a radial pulse on examination during inspiration. (accompanied by an increased JVP-kaussmals sign)
What is corrigans sign?
An abrupt distension and collapse of carotid arteries as a sign indicating aortic incompetence. (aortic regurg)
A good marker of left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG?
look at R wave on V5 + S wave in V1
Right atrial dilation on ECG?
Tall p waves
Left atrial dilation on ECG?
Wide p waves
