Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What’s a pathogen and what are the 3 types

Answer 1

Pathogens a microbe which causes disease. 3 types are:

• Bacteria
• viruses
• fungi

Question 2

How does a vaccination work

Answer 2

Dead or inactive pathogen injected in body. White blood cells make antibodies to kill them

Question 3

What’s antibodies and how they fight injections

Answer 3

Antibodies produced by white blood cells. They clump together pathogens so they can next time recognise them and fight them quicker

Question 4

What are antibiotics used to treat and an example

Answer 4

Used to treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria in the body they can not kill viruses as they are inside cells and example is penicillin

Question 5

What is immunity

Answer 5

You cannot catch a disease

Question 6

How bacteria make u ill

Answer 6

Reproduce rapidly in body and produce toxins making us feel ill

Question 7

How you become immune to disease

Answer 7

Catch the disease and have vaccinations

Question 8

What does MMR protect us against

Answer 8

Measles Mumps and Rubella

Question 9

What is epidemic

What is pandemic

Answer 9

Epidemic-disease spread around local area

Pandemic-disease spread around world

Question 10

How do bacteria and virus make us ill

Answer 10

Bacteria and virus may reproduce rapidly inside the body and may produce poisons (toxins) that make us ill. Viruses damage cells they reproduce in (they burst)

Question 11

How the immune system works

Answer 11

Produces specific antibodies to kill particular pathogen. Leads to immunity from pathogen. Dead or inactive pathogens stimulate antibody production.

Question 12

What is Semmelweis conclusion

Answer 12

He recognised the importance of hand washing in prevention of spreading infectious diseases. By insisting that doctors washed their hands before examining patients he greatly reduced number of deaths from infectious diseases in hospitals

Question 13

What’s the function of painkillers

Answer 13

Relieve symptoms of infectious diseases but do not kill pathogens

Question 14

What’s is MRSA

Answer 14

A strain of bacteria that has developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of natural selection. To avoid further resistance we need to stop over use of antibiotics

Question 15

How will a pathogen become resistant to an antibiotic

Answer 15

By mutation as pathogens produce new strains. So antibiotics and vaccinations are no longer effective. The new strain increase rapidly as there is no effective treatment

Question 16

Work of antibiotics

Answer 16

Antibiotics kills individual pathogens of the non resistant strains. Individual resistant strains survive and reproduce, so population of resistant strain increases. Now antibiotics are used to treat sore throat so rare it development of resistant strains slow down

Question 17

How would you sterilise Petri dishes and culture media

Answer 17

They must be sterilised before use to kill unwanted microorganisms. Inoculating loops used to transfer microorganisms to media must be sterilised by passing them through flame to kill microorganisms. Lid of Petri dish should he secured with tape to prevent microorganisms from the air contaminating the culture

Question 18

What’s the temperature cultures should be incubated at schools

Answer 18

Max temperature of 25 degrees which reduces growth of pathogens that might be harmful to humans