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Microbiology > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious skin infection, usually staph, breaks in skin, lesions that rupture and crust over

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1
Q

staphylococcal skin infection

A

organism: staphylococcus epidermis
“ “ aureus
transmission: very contagious, fomite or skin-skin contact
symptoms: red, irritation, pain on skin, etc.
treatment: antibiotics

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2
Q

scalded skin syndrome

A

form of impetigo, toxins cause separation of skin layers, nurseries and day cares

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3
Q

streptococcal skin infections

A

streptococcal pyogenes, direct contact, skin irritation, pain, local fever, antibiotics

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4
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

flesh eating bacteria, destroys tissue

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5
Q

small pox

A

variola virus, respiratory transmission, travels thru blood and infects skin, skin lesions, fever, etc. no treatment, disease has been eradicated

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6
Q

chicken pox/shingles

A

herpesviridae(caused by the varicella-zoster virus), respiratory transmission, incubates for two weeks, skin lesions, latent virus cause shingles when immune system is compromised, let it run it’s course

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7
Q

shingles

A

latent chicken pox virus, becomes active when immune system is compromised, rash follows peripheral nerve pathways, stays on one side of the body

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8
Q

herpes (HSV1)

A

herpesviridae family, 90% of population carries this, opportunistic disease, only active when immune system is compromised, fever blisters, cold sores, etc antivirals, symptom treatment

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9
Q

measles

A

MMR vaccine- 1963 (almost eradicated), paramyxoviridae family, respiratory transmission, contact outside of the US, cold like symptoms, macular rash-starts on face/neck and spreads to trunk, run it’s course

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10
Q

Rubella

A

MMR vaccine, togaviridae family, respiratory transmission, 2-3 week incubation, rash of small red dots, low grade fever, run it’s course

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11
Q

candidiasis “yeast infection”

A

candid albicans, opportunistic infection, itching, burning, thrush when in mouth, antifungals

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12
Q

ringworm

A

tinea capititis, touching infected materials, circular rash and itch, topical creams or oral antimicrobials

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13
Q

jock itch

A

tinea curis, touching infected materials, itching, redness, topical creams

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14
Q

athlete’s foot

A

tinea pedis, touching infected materials, itching, redness, topical creams

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15
Q

conjunctivitis “pink eye”

A

haemophilus influenzae, touch/direct contact, red, irritated eye, drainage, antibiotic eye drops

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16
Q

meningitis

A

haemophilus influenzae-most common, enters blood, direct contact
neisseria meningitis-droplet contact
streptococcus pneumoniae-direct contact
fever, headache, stiff neck, convulsions, coma, broad spectrums antibiotics bc organism is not known immediately, then changed later

17
Q

listeria

A

grows on deli meats/dairy products in the fridge, listeria monocytogenes, foodborne, usually mild flu-like symptoms, antibiotics

18
Q

cryptococcosis “yeast/fungal meningitis”

A

cryptococcus neoformans, inhalation, typical symptoms of meningitis, antifungals

19
Q

tetanus

A

clostridium tetani, soil, animal feces, muscle contraction, starts in the jaw, tetanus immune globulin

20
Q

two types of organisms that can cause staphylococcal skin infections

A

staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal epidermis

21
Q

staphylococcus epidermis

A

coagulase negative, typically on the skin(microflora) and not harmful until it gets in a cut or catheter. causes staph skin infection!

22
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

most pathogenic, coagulase positive, superantigen(produces a strong immune response) produces exotoxins(helps them survive in phagosome, neutralizes host antimicrobials, kills macrophages, etc)

23
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A

causes strep skin infections and strep throat, produces an m protein which allows them to resist phagocytosis, three types: alpha, beta and gamma. beta has serotypes a-t with a being the most common and most pathogenic.

24
Q

Tinea

A

fungi colonies on the hair, skin, and nails, causes tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea capitis

25
Q

three organisms that can cause bacterial meningitis

A

haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae

26
Q

botulism

A

clostridium botulinum, grows in the soil and aquatic environments and grows in unsealed vans and produces an exotoxin that causes the can to bulge, blocks acetylcholine release from nerves and causes paralysis

27
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

three different toxins: type A, B and E
type A- most common and most severe, death from just tasting it
type B- Europe and eastern us, 25% mortality
type E- marine lake habitats, sea food, less heat resistant

28
Q

Leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae, effects the outter/cooler extremities bc it grows better in cooler environments, tuberculoid forms and skin loses sensation around the nodules, shed in secretions and only contagious thru prolonged contact, skin biopsy to diagnose and antibiotics as treatment

29
Q

polio

A

picornaviridae family, contaminated water in poor sanitation, mild-headache, sore throat, fever, paralytic, iron lung aids breathing, virus is ingested, 3 serotypes of polio, and we have a vaccine!

30
Q

rabies

A

characterizes by the rage it causes, rabies virus, infection through an animal bite, causes encephalitis, treatment is to induce a coma and administer antivirals PEP post exposure

31
Q

sleeping sickness

A

“trypanosomiasis” caused by trypanosoma brucei, spread by tsetse flies, fever, headache CNS deteriorate

32
Q

West Nile Virus

A

arbovirus, bird-mosquito-human, 80% have no symptoms, and if not they’re mild flu symptoms, must run it’s courses

33
Q

sepsis

A

blood infection, fever, rapid heart rate, usually infection does not start in blood

34
Q

anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis, soil and grass, three forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational( most lethal )

35
Q

gangerene

A

death of tissue due to the loss of oxygen, clostridium perfringens, produces toxins that kill cells, surgical removal and hyperbaric chamber

36
Q

Plague “Black Death”

A

yersinia pestis, infection through flea bite, flea bites infected rat and then bites a human, enlarged lymph nodes (buboes) (bubonic plague), antibiotics and vaccine available

37
Q

Lyme disease

A

causing arthritis in young people inure Connecticut, borrelia burgdorferi, field mice ticks to people, three phases, rash at bite site that’s clear in the center, target like, heart affected, irregular heart beat, arthritis

38
Q

typhus

A

rickettsia prowazekii, squirrels, target the cells that line our blood vessels, fever, rash, hemorrhaging, antibiotics

39
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

rickettsia rickettsii, tickborne typhus, macular rash one week after bite, antibiotics

Microbiology (13 decks)

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