Infectious Diseases Flashcards
impetigo
highly contagious skin infection, usually staph, breaks in skin, lesions that rupture and crust over
staphylococcal skin infection
organism: staphylococcus epidermis
“ “ aureus
transmission: very contagious, fomite or skin-skin contact
symptoms: red, irritation, pain on skin, etc.
treatment: antibiotics
scalded skin syndrome
form of impetigo, toxins cause separation of skin layers, nurseries and day cares
streptococcal skin infections
streptococcal pyogenes, direct contact, skin irritation, pain, local fever, antibiotics
necrotizing fasciitis
flesh eating bacteria, destroys tissue
small pox
variola virus, respiratory transmission, travels thru blood and infects skin, skin lesions, fever, etc. no treatment, disease has been eradicated
chicken pox/shingles
herpesviridae(caused by the varicella-zoster virus), respiratory transmission, incubates for two weeks, skin lesions, latent virus cause shingles when immune system is compromised, let it run it’s course
shingles
latent chicken pox virus, becomes active when immune system is compromised, rash follows peripheral nerve pathways, stays on one side of the body
herpes (HSV1)
herpesviridae family, 90% of population carries this, opportunistic disease, only active when immune system is compromised, fever blisters, cold sores, etc antivirals, symptom treatment
measles
MMR vaccine- 1963 (almost eradicated), paramyxoviridae family, respiratory transmission, contact outside of the US, cold like symptoms, macular rash-starts on face/neck and spreads to trunk, run it’s course
Rubella
MMR vaccine, togaviridae family, respiratory transmission, 2-3 week incubation, rash of small red dots, low grade fever, run it’s course
candidiasis “yeast infection”
candid albicans, opportunistic infection, itching, burning, thrush when in mouth, antifungals
ringworm
tinea capititis, touching infected materials, circular rash and itch, topical creams or oral antimicrobials
jock itch
tinea curis, touching infected materials, itching, redness, topical creams
athlete’s foot
tinea pedis, touching infected materials, itching, redness, topical creams
conjunctivitis “pink eye”
haemophilus influenzae, touch/direct contact, red, irritated eye, drainage, antibiotic eye drops
meningitis
haemophilus influenzae-most common, enters blood, direct contact
neisseria meningitis-droplet contact
streptococcus pneumoniae-direct contact
fever, headache, stiff neck, convulsions, coma, broad spectrums antibiotics bc organism is not known immediately, then changed later
listeria
grows on deli meats/dairy products in the fridge, listeria monocytogenes, foodborne, usually mild flu-like symptoms, antibiotics
cryptococcosis “yeast/fungal meningitis”
cryptococcus neoformans, inhalation, typical symptoms of meningitis, antifungals
tetanus
clostridium tetani, soil, animal feces, muscle contraction, starts in the jaw, tetanus immune globulin
two types of organisms that can cause staphylococcal skin infections
staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal epidermis
staphylococcus epidermis
coagulase negative, typically on the skin(microflora) and not harmful until it gets in a cut or catheter. causes staph skin infection!
staphylococcus aureus
most pathogenic, coagulase positive, superantigen(produces a strong immune response) produces exotoxins(helps them survive in phagosome, neutralizes host antimicrobials, kills macrophages, etc)
streptococcus pyogenes
causes strep skin infections and strep throat, produces an m protein which allows them to resist phagocytosis, three types: alpha, beta and gamma. beta has serotypes a-t with a being the most common and most pathogenic.
