Chapter 14- Disease

Question 0

pathogenesis

Answer 0

the way a disease develops

Question 1

pathology

Answer 1

the study of a disease

Question 2

infection

Answer 2

invasion of the body by microbe

Question 3

normal microbiota

Answer 3

microbes that naturally live on or in our body

Question 4

symbiosis

Answer 4

a relationship between host and organism in which one or both benefits

Question 5

commensalism

Answer 5

1 benefits, 1 is not affected

Question 6

mutualism

Answer 6

both organisms benefit

Question 7

parasitism

Answer 7

1 benefits, the other is harmed

Question 8

Koch’s postulates

Answer 8

1. pathogen must be present in every case
2. must be isolated and grown in a culture
3. from culture must cause disease in healthy animal
4. must be isolated from inoculated animal

Question 9

symptom

Answer 9

a change in body function

Question 10

communicable disease

Answer 10

spreads from host to host

Question 11

contagious disease

Answer 11

easily spread

Question 12

noncommunicable disease

Answer 12

not contagious

Question 13

incidence

Answer 13

of people in a population who develop a disease during a time period, new cases

Question 14

prevelance

Answer 14

of people in a population who develop a disease, regardless of when disease first appeared, new and old

Question 15

sporadic

Answer 15

occurs occasionally

Question 16

endemic

Answer 16

constantly present in a population

Question 17

epidemic

Answer 17

many people acquire in a short time

Question 18

pandemic

Answer 18

epidemic that occurs worldwide

Question 19

acute

Answer 19

short term disease, develops rapidly

Question 20

chronic

Answer 20

develops slowly, continues for a long time

Question 21

latent

Answer 21

inactive for a time, then produces symptoms

Question 22

local infection

Answer 22

one area, small area (abscesses)

Question 23

systemic

Answer 23

spreads throughout the body (measles)

Question 24

sepsis

Answer 24

toxic inflammatory condition, from spread of microbes/toxins

Question 25

reservoirs of infection

Answer 25

source of the microbe (humans, animals, nonliving)

Question 26

direct contact

Answer 26

person to person, touching, kissing, sexual contacts

Question 27

indirect contact

Answer 27

tissues, utensils, cups, money, etc.

Question 28

droplet contact

Answer 28

mucus, coughing, sneezing, talking

Question 29

vehicle

Answer 29

in terms if disease transmission, water, food, air

Question 30

vectors

Answer 30

Arthropods! 1. mechanical- insect feet or body 2. biological- insect bites infected person, ingests blood, transferred to new host by bite or through feces/vomit

Question 31

nosocomial infection

Answer 31

an infection acquired during a hospital stay

Question 32

emerging infectious disease

Answer 32

new or changing, increase in incidence

Question 33

epidemiology

Answer 33

study of when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Question 34

CDC

Answer 34

centers for disease control and prevention

Question 35

morbidity

Answer 35

incidence of a disease

Question 36

mortality

Answer 36

number of deaths from the disease

Question 37

elimination of the normal microbiota can result in...

Answer 37

increased susceptibility to disease

Question 38

a disease acquired by many people in a given area in a relatively short period of time is called...

Answer 38

epidemic

Question 39

the spread of disease agents via contaminated water is an example of ________ transmission...

Answer 39

vehicle