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infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of pneumonia is associated with cold sores?

A

Strep Pneumoniae

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2
Q

Type and name of organism causing bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis - gram positive coccobacilli

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3
Q

Organism causing acute epiglottitis?

A

H Influenzae

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4
Q

What type of organism is Brucella?

A

Gram negative

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5
Q

Which one of the following organisms causes lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Chlamydia

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6
Q

Deep ulcer with a ragged border is seen on the shaft of the penis, the lesion is tender with associated inguinal lymphadenopathy - lesion? Caused by which organism?

A

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

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7
Q

Medication to prevent relapse of Plasmodium ?

A

Primaquine

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8
Q

Man returns from trip abroad with maculopapular rash and flu-like illness?

A

HIV seroconversion

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9
Q

Most common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea?

A

E Coli

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10
Q

Salmonella typhi main sx?

A

Constipation, vomiting, abdo pain, fever

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11
Q

What is the treatment of malaria with severe parasitaemia (>10%)?

A

Exchange transfusion + artesunate

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12
Q

Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Oral metronidazole

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13
Q

What is Monod’s sign characteristic of?

A

Aspergilloma

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14
Q

Immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmosis rx? Presentation on CT?

A

Multiple hypodense, ring-enhancing lesions, rx with pyrimethamine plus sulphadiazine

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15
Q

Pruritic rash on the buttocks or soles? Treatment?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis, rx with Ivermectin and Albendazole

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16
Q

Chagas disease most frequent complication?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy - Chagas Cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

Mechanism of macrolides?

A

Macrolides inhibit the 50S subunit of ribosomes

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18
Q

What is Chinese letter pattern typical of? Complication of organism?

A

Diptheria - heart block

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19
Q

First line in hyatid disease?

A

Albendazole

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20
Q

Severe joint pain and high fever on return from Africa?

A

Chikungunya

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21
Q

First line abx for UTI for methotrexate patients?

A

Nitrofurantoin

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22
Q

Flaccid paralysis, diplopia, ataxia - no sensory involvement

A

Clostridium botulinum - affects release of acetylcholine

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23
Q

Hydrophobia, pyrexia, headache, hypersalvation - cluster of sx for which condition?

A

Rabies

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24
Q

Retro-orbital headache, fever, facial flushing, rash, thrombocytopenia in returning traveller?

A

Dengue

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25
Flu like illness → brief remission→ followed by jaundice and haematemesis
Yellow fever
26
Trypanosomiasis rx?
Pentamidine
27
Bacterial meningitis rx?
IV cefotaxime + dexamethasone (with dose 1 and every 6 hours)
28
Prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis contacts?
Oral cipro or rifamp
29
PEP following HIV exposure?
Combination antiretrovirals and repeat HIV test in 12 weeks
30
First line for HIV illness testing?
Rapid HIV antibody ELISA + p24 antigen test
31
Aspergilloma on scan - next step?
Serology
32
Cyclical fever every 48 hours?
Plasmodium vivax/ovale
33
Cyclical fever every 72 hours?
Plasmodium malariae
34
Genital warts caused by which strains of HPV?
6 + 11
35
Genital warts - first and second line rx?
1 - topical podo/cryotherapy 2 - topical imiquimod
36
Animal bites - common organism?
Pasteurella multocida
37
Human bites - organisms?
Strep pneumo, staph aureus, Eikenella Fusobacterium Prevotella
38
BCG vaccine prevents?
Disseminated TB/TB meningitis
39
Commonest cause of bladder calcification?
Schistosomiasis
40
Low vaccine rates, low CSF glucose?
Mumps
41
Amantadine mechanism?
Inhibits virus uncoating
42
Aciclovir mechanism?
Inhibits DNA polymerase
43
Neisseria appearance?
Gram neg cocci
44
Most common cause of viral meningitis?
Coxsackie
45
Use of thick and thin blood films in malaria?
Thick - parasite burden, Thin - speciation
46
Erysipelas organism?
Strep pyogenes
47
How is measles spread?
Aerosoles
48
Fluctuating temperatures, transient arthralgia and myalgia, hyperhidrosis with a 'wet hay' smell? +/- unpasteurised cheese consumption?
Brucella
49
Cat scratch?
Bartonella
50
Hepatitis with reduced GCS, a flapping tremor, and a clotting screen consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Hep E - 3 week incubation period (think of lines in E)
51
Enhancing lesions on CT?
Cerebral abscess, cerebral metastasis and tuberculomas
52
Latent TB?
3 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin OR 6 months of isoniazid (with pyridoxine)
53
Normal chest auscultation or crackles in PJP?
Normal
54
Stain for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?
Silver stain
55
Listeria type of organism?
Gram positive rod
56
Which drug inhibits cell wall synthesis?
Cephalosporins
57
Which feature is most characteristic of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?
Normal chest sounds
58
Gram positive rods (bacilli)?
Actinomyces, Bacillus Anthrax, Clostridium, Diptheria, Listeria
59
Gram negative cocci?
Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis
60
Latent TB rx?
3 months of isoniazid with pyridoxine and rifampicin 6 months of isoniazid with pyridoxine
61
Rx for Chagas/American Tryp?
Benznidazole
62
Trichomonas vaginalis treatment?
Metronidazole
63
Post-exposure prophylaxis following HIV needle stick?
Combo antivirals + 12 week blood test
64
Linezolid works against which two pathologies?
MRSA and VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus)
65
Presentation of dysentery after a long incubation period?
Amoebiasis
66
Rabies exposure?
Give immunglobulin + vaccination
67
Post splenectomy?
Pneumococcal, Haemophilus type B and meningococcus type C
68
Blisters/bullae - no mucosal involvement (in exams at least*)/mucosal involvement?
Mucosal - pemphigus vulgaris No mucosal - bullous pemphigoid
69
Primary herpes simplex infection can cause which type of rash?
Erythema multiforme
70
Terbinafine mechanism of action?
Inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase, causing cellular death
71
Amphotercin B mechanism of action?
Binds with ergosterol
72
False positive VDRL/RPR?
SLE, TB, malaria, HIV - sometimes mistakes happen
73
How to diagnose cryptosporidum?
ZN stain
74
Types of organisms - strep pneumo, e coli, h influenzae, listeria?
Strep pneumo - gram positive diplococci E coli - gram negative bacilli H influenzae - gram neg coccobacilli Listeria - gram positive rod
75
Management of leprosy?
Rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for 12 months >6 lesions Rifampicin, dapsone for 6 months <6 lesions
76
Amantadine mechanism?
Inhibits virus uncoating
77
Bloating, watery diarrhoea, foreign country?
Giardiasis
78
Following treatment for syphilis: TPHA remains XXXX, VDRL becomes XXXX?
TPHA - positive VDRL - negative
79
Dark and ashen, weight loss, fever, massive splenomegaly?
Leishmaniasis
80
This protozoan infection typically presents with a green, frothy, and malodorous vaginal discharge, accompanied by vulvar itching and dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse)? Management?
Trichomonas - metronidazole
81
Low CSF glucose?
Mumps
82
Transmitted by sandflies and usually presents as an erythematous patch or papule which gradually enlarges and becomes an ulcer with a raised indurated border?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
83
Trypansomiasis rx?
Pentamidine
84
Cryptosporodiosis in immcompromised?
Nitazoxanide
85
Oseltamavir mechanism?
Neuraminidase inhibitor
86
Bloating watery diarrhoea non bloody?
Giardiasis
87
Nesseria?
Gram neg cocci
88
Which element would push you towards systemic treatment of their cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in South or Central America merits treatment due to the risk of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis whereas disease acquired in Africa or India can be managed more conservatively.
89
Listeria meningitis rx?
Amox and gent
90
PID rx?
First-line: stat IM ceftriaxone + followed by 14 days of oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole - this now considered first-line due to the desire to avoid systemic fluoroquinolones where possible Second-line: oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole
91
Which abx can cause MSRA?
Cipro
92
Cholera rx?
Doxy
93
Campylobactyr rx?
Clary

mrcp 1 (18 decks)

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