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mrcp 1 > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Jerky pulse, mid systolic murmur - what is the dx?

A

HOCM

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2
Q

Common complication of MR?

A

Atrial flutter or fibrillation

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3
Q

Prophylaxis for SVT in pregnancy?

A

Metoprolol

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4
Q

HOCM: defective mutation is beta or alpha myosin?

A

β-myosin heavy chain

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5
Q

Strep or staph - which is better prognosis in IE?

A

Streptococcal infection

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6
Q

Pansystolic murmur worse on inspiration, associated with WPW syndrome?

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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7
Q

What parameter is essential to monitor when giving Mg?

A

RR

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8
Q

a wave, cannon a, c wave, v wave, x descent, y descent interpretation?

A

a wave - atrial contraction
cannon a - atrial contraction against closed tricuspid valve
c wave - closure of tricuspid valve
v wave - passiVe filling of blood in atrium against closed tricuspid valve
x descent - fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole
y descent - opening of tricuspid valve

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9
Q

Mechanism of hypokalemia?

A

Increased delivery of sodium to the distal part of the distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

Drug class of dabigatran and bivalirudin?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

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11
Q

Mechanism of furosemide?

A

Inhibits the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ASCENDING LIMB of the loop of Henle

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12
Q

Mechanism of indapamide?

A

Inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (NCC) in the DCT

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13
Q

Eplerenone

A

Blocking aldosterone-mediated sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion at the level of COLLECTING DUCTS

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14
Q

Palpitations, pre-syncope and ECG findings of T wave inversion and epsilon waves in V1-V3?

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVD)

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15
Q

Which drugs can be used to promote duct closure in PDA?

A

Ibuprofen/indomethacin

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16
Q

Most important test to confirm PH?

A

Cardiac catheterisation

17
Q

Common causes of endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus, staph epidermis (if <2 months post valve surgery)

18
Q

What enhances and reduces effect of adenosine?

A

E - dipyridamole R - aminophylline

19
Q

ST depression on exercise stress testing despite normal coronary arteries?

A

Cardiac syndrome X

20
Q

Swan-Ganz catheter measures pressure in which heart chamber?

A

Left atrium

21
Q

CHB following an MI - which artery?

A

Right coronary artery

22
Q

TiMe

A

Tricuspid regurg - louder on inspiration
Mitral regurg - louder on expiration

23
Q

Treatment for PAD?

A

1 - smoking cessation and exercise 2 - 80mg atorva, clopidogrel 3 - surgical/endovascular revasc 4 - naftidrofuryl (5HT2 antag)

24
Q

Drainage of coronary sinus?

A

RA

25
Q

Right ventricle fibro fatty infiltrate?

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

26
Q

ASD murmur?

A

Ejection systolic - louder on inspiration

27
Q

Is murmur in AR high pitched or low pitched? MS murmur?

A

High pitched and MS is low pitched

28
Q

Anjali Had Lovely Salmon Sandwiches

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, Loffler’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, scleroderma

29
Q

Amiodarone mechanism of action?

A

Blocks potassium channels

30
Q

Treatment for severe MS? Commissurotomy or valve replacement?

A

Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy

31
Q

After successful cardioversion how long should anticoag continue for? 1 week or 4 weeks?

A

4 weeks

32
Q

Definiton of Eisenmenger’s Syndrome? Reversal of left to right shunt or right to left shunt?

A

Reversal of left to right shunt

33
Q

When to give four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in context of warfarin therapy?

A

Emergency surgery

34
Q

When to give 5 mg vitamin K IV in context of warfarin therapy?

A

6-8 hours till surgery

35
Q

What guides surgery for AS? Symptoms or aortic valve gradient?

A

Symptoms

36
Q

What is downsloping ST depression associated with?

A

Cardiac syndrome x

37
Q

Convex ST elevation in V1-V3 with a partial right bundle branch block pattern?

A

Brugada

38
Q

Harsh systolic murmur that increases on Valsalva manoeuvre, LVH?

A

HOCM

39
Q

T wave inversions in the right precordial leads and epsilon waves?

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (arvc)

mrcp 1 (2 decks)

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