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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (4) Medical > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Explore the Infectious Diseases processes and the prehospital emergencies within

1
Q

Define:

communicable disease

A

An infectious disease that can be transmitted from person to person.

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2
Q

Define:

endemic

A

Infectious disease within a specific area.

Eg. one state

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3
Q

Define:

epidemic

A

Infectious disease localized to a region.

Eg. North America

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4
Q

Define:

pandemic

A

Infectious disease spread throughout the world.

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5
Q

Name the four types of pathogenic microorganisms.

A
  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • parasites
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6
Q

Define:

contact transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by direct contact.

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7
Q

Define:

droplet transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by cough or sneezing.

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8
Q

Define:

airborne transmission

A

Transmission of infectious disease by aerosolized particles.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank.

A _____ is an organism that contains pathogens harmless to an organism but causes disease when spread.

A

vector

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10
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring you receive post-exposure treatment if you are exposed?

A

Designated Infection Control Officer

DICO

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11
Q

What act requires a hospital to share a patient’s test results if they have been exposed?

A

Ryan White CARE Act

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12
Q

Define:

standard precautions

A

Minimum amount of protective equipment used on every call.

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13
Q

What are the six things that determine the risk of infection?

A
  • type of organism
  • dose of organism
  • virulence of organism
  • entry path
  • host resistance
  • host defense
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14
Q

Define:

virulence

A

The capacity of an organism to invade a host.

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15
Q

What is an incubation period?

A

The time it takes from exposure to symptoms of an organism.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank.

The period in which a person can transmit an illness is called the __________ period.

A

communicable

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16
Q

What condition is caused by the bacterium N. meningitidis?

A

Meningococcal meningitis

17
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Meningococcal meningitis?

A
  • Brudzinski sign
  • Kernig sign
  • purple rash
  • photosensitivity
18
Q

What is the incubation period for Tuberculosis?

A

4 - 12 weeks

19
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis?

A

Three-week cough associated with one of the following:

  • sweats
  • fever
  • headache
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • hemoptysis
  • chest pain
20
Q

Define:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

RSV

A

Lower respiratory tract infection that occurs in younger, older and immunocompromised people.

21
Q

What disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus?

EBV

A

Mononucleosis

22
Q

What is the incubation period for Mononucleosis?

A

4 - 6 weeks

23
Q

What is the incubation period for Influenza?

A

1 - 4 days

24
Q

What infection is caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei?

A

Scabies

25
Q

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis A?

A

Contaminated liquids or food.

26
Q

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis B?

A

Blood from sex, transfusion, or needles.

Note: B is for Blood.

27
Q

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis C?

A

Blood to blood from sex, needles, organ donation, transfusion.

Note: C is Circulation.

28
Q

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis D?

A

Percutaneous exposure.

Must have Hep B in order to get Hep D.

29
Q

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis E?

A

Fecal to oral from contamination.

REMEMBER: FE is E

30
Q

What causes the West Nile Virus?

A

Transmission from mosquitoes.

30
Q

What disease is caused by the insect transmitting the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Lyme disease

31
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Lyme disease?

A
  • joint pain
  • memory impairment
  • fatigue
  • arthritis
32
Q

What disease is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

33
Q

Name the two transmission routes for Tetanus.

A
  1. puncture wound
  2. street drugs
34
Q

What infection is caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

MRSA

35
Q

Fill in the blank.

The multi-drug resistant Clostridium Difficile is also knows as ____.

A

C. Diff

36
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of C. Diff?

A
  • watery-green, foul diarrhea
  • fever
  • nausea/vomiting
37
Q

What is the German Measles called?

A

Rubella

38
Q

Fill in the blank.

The _______ is also known as Varicella Zoster.

A

Chickenpox

39
Q

Pertussis is also called as _____ _____.

A

whooping cough

EMT-P (4) Medical (8 decks)

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