GU, Renal and Gynecologic

Question 1

What organs are a part of the urinary system?

Answer 1

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

Fill in the blank.

The primary function of the kidneys is to _____ urine.

Answer 2

filter

Question 3

What are the functional units of the kidney?

Answer 3

nephrons

Question 4

Name the parts of the nephron.

Answer 4

• Glomerulus
• Glomerular capsule
• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle

Question 5

Fill in the blank.

The amount of filtrate produced within a certain amount of time is called the _________.

Answer 5

GFR

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 6

What is the normal GFR for an adult?

Answer 6

125 ml/hr

Question 7

What two chemicals control fluid excretion in the kidneys?

Answer 7

1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2. Aldosterone

Question 8

What chemical is produced in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary?

Answer 8

Antidiuretic Hormone

ADH

Question 9

What chemical is produced in the adrenal glands?

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Fill in the blank.

______ are chemicals that increase urine output.

Answer 10

Diuretics

Question 11

What reflex is stimulated in the bladder when it is at an increased pressure?

Answer 11

micturition reflex

Question 12

Define:

Urinary Tract Infections

UTI

Answer 12

Infections typically within the bladder and urethra, caused by skin flora entering the urinary system.

Question 13

Name the common triad of symptoms present with a urinary tract infection.

Answer 13

• painful urination
• difficult urination
• Frequent urges to urinate.

Question 14

Fill in the blank.

The loss of bladder control is called urinary _______.

Answer 14

incontinence

Question 15

Define:

Renal Calculi

Answer 15

kidney stones

Question 16

Assessment

Renal Calculi

Answer 16

• hematuria w/o a fever
• restless
• pain

Question 17

Define:

acute renal failure

Answer 17

Sudden decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Question 18

Fill in the blank.

Hypoperfusion of the kidneys causes acute _____ _____.

Answer 18

renal failure

Question 19

Define:

chronic renal failure

Answer 19

Permanent loss of nephrons.

Question 20

Define:

Uremia

Answer 20

Increased concentration of urea in the blood.

Question 21

Define:

End Stage Renal Disease

ESRD

Answer 21

Complete loss of function for the kidneys.

Question 22

What are the two types of dialysis?

Answer 22

1. Peritoneal
2. Hemodialysis

Question 23

What is an AV shunt?

Answer 23

An artery and vein grafted together to create a shunt.

Question 24

What electrolyte imbalance is common in dialysis tatients?

Answer 24

potassium

Question 25

# Define: Disequilibration syndrome

Answer 25

**Nausea, vomiting, headache and confusion** caused by a shift of water into the **CSF** during dialysis.

Question 26

List causes of a **priapism**.

Answer 26

* sickle cell * Leukemia * tumors * spinal injury * cocaine abuse * ED drugs

Question 27

# Define: testicular torsion

Answer 27

**Twisting** of the **spermatic cord**.

Question 28

How many **follicles** can release an **oocyte?**

Answer 28

1

Question 29

At what age does **menopause** typically begin?

Answer 29

**40-50** years old.

Question 30

# Define: amenorrhea

Answer 30

Cessation of **periods**.

Question 31

# Define: dysmenorrhea

Answer 31

**Painful** periods.

Question 32

# Define: ectopic pregnancy

Answer 32

An **oocyte** gets implanted into the **fallopian tube**.

Question 33

What are the **signs/symptoms** of **ectopic pregnancy**?

Answer 33

* vaginal bleeding * abdominal pain

Question 34

# Define: Endometritis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the **uterine lining**.

Question 35

What are the **signs/symptoms** of **Endometritis**?

Answer 35

* fever * malaise * constipation * vaginal discharge/bleeding

Question 36

# Define: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | PID

Answer 36

Infection of the **ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes**.

Question 37

# Define: Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 37

**Sepsis** developed in women during menstruation and the use of tampons.

Question 38

The bacterium *Chlamydia trachomatis* is responsible for what **STD?**

Answer 38

chlamydia

Question 39

The bacterium *Haemophilus ducreyi* is responsible for what **STD?**

Answer 39

chancroid

Question 40

What type of herpes simplex virus causes **genital herpes**?

Answer 40

* type I * type II * type III

Question 41

What **STD** does the bacterium *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* cause?

Answer 41

Gonorrhea

Question 42

**Genital warts** are caused by what **virus**?

Answer 42

Human Papillomavirus | HPV

Question 43

What **STD** is caused by the bacteria *Treponema pallidum*?

Answer 43

Syphillis

Question 44

What are the **three** stages of **Syphilis**?

Answer 44

1. Single sore 2. Rash and mucous lesions 3. Systemic: attacks on all organs