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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (4) Medical > Hematologic and Immunologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Hematologic and Immunologic Emergencies Flashcards

Explore the Hematologic and Immunologic responses and the prehospital emergencies within

1
Q

How much of blood is plasma?

A

55%

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2
Q

Define:

erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

RBC

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3
Q

Define:

leukocytes

A

White blood cells

WBC

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4
Q

Define:

thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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5
Q

Where does the production of RBCs occur?

A

Within stems cells inside the bone marrow.

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6
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

Proportion of RBCs in the blood.

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7
Q

What is the function of WBC’s?

A

Provides immunity against foreign invaders.

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8
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Initial clot forming after an injury.

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9
Q

Define:

Hemostasis

A

The process of hemorrhage control within the body.

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10
Q

Where are clotting factors produced?

A

liver

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11
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A
  • Filters RBCs.
  • Produce lymphocytes.
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12
Q

Describe:

ABO system of blood

A
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13
Q

What is the clotting cascade?

A

The body’s pathway to form fibrin.

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14
Q

What are coagulopathies?

A

Bleeding disorders

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15
Q

Define:

Sickle Cell Disease

A

Sickle shaped RBCs make poor carriers for oxygen.

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16
Q

What is an aplastic crisis?

A

The body stops the production of RBCs.

17
Q

What is Hemolytic crisis?

A

Acute RBC destruction.

18
Q

Define:

Splenic Sequestration Crisis

A

Painful acute enlargement of spleen, caused by sickle cells within the spleen blocking blood from leaving the organ.

19
Q

Define:

anemia

A

Hemoglobin or RBC level lower than normal.

20
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of iron deficiency anemia?

A
  • SOB
  • fatigue
  • weakness
21
Q

Define:

Leukemia

A

Abnormal or excessive production of WBCs.

Type of cancer of the lymphoid system.

22
Q

What are Lymphomas?

A

Malignant diseases that arise in the lymphoid system.

2 types:

  • Non-Hodgkin
  • Hodgkin
23
Q

What is the difference between Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Non-Hodgkin:

  • Arises anywhere in the body.
  • older diagnosis
  • more prevalent

Hodgkin:

  • Arises in the neck, armpit, and chest.
  • younger diagnosis
  • not as common
24
Q

Define:

polycythemia

A

Over abundance of RBCs.

Typical in CHF or hypertension.

25
Q

Define:

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

DIC

A

A condition that causes excessive bleeding and hemorrhage due to loss of clotting factors.

26
Q

What clotting factors are involved in Hemophilia?

A
  • VIII
  • IX
27
Q

Define:

Multiple Myeloma

A

Increased production of plasma cells forms tumors in the bones.

28
Q

Define:

Transfusion-Related Lung Injury

TRALI

A

Pulmonary edema post blood transfusion.

29
Q

List possible transfusion reactions.

A
  • hemolytic
  • febrile
  • allergic
  • Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
  • circulatory overload
  • infection
30
Q

Define:

allergen

A

Substances that produces an allergic response.

31
Q

Define:

antibody

A

Protein produced from an antigen.

32
Q

Define:

antigen

A

Foreign substance that produces an immune response.

33
Q

Define:

Lupus

A

Multisystem Autoimmune Disease

34
Q

Define:

Scleroderma

A

Autoimmune disease that causes hardening of connective tissues.

35
Q

Define:

Cellular Immunity

A

Production of special WBCs to defend against invaders.

36
Q

Define:

Humoral Immunity

A

Production of antibodies that attack invading organisms.

37
Q

Name the four routes of entry for allergens.

A
  • injection
  • absorption
  • inhalation
  • ingestion
38
Q

Define:

Acquired Immunity

A

Vaccine administration makes the body produce antibodies without experiencing the disease.

39
Q

Define:

Natural Immunity

A

The body is affected by a virus and builds its own immunity to future invasions.

EMT-P (4) Medical (8 decks)

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