infectious Disease Flashcards
First and second line treatment for Syphillis?
1: Penicillin G 2: Doxycycline (not if preggos)
First and second line treament for cellulitis
- Flucloxacillin
- Clindamycin
**severe benzylpenicillin + flucloxacillin
Pneumonia in an alcoholic? Causative agent?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
widespread skin rash which he describes as lots of pink rings around a pale centre.
erythema multiforme
Causes of erythema multiforme
Infection
- mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Herpes simplex
Medications
- antibiotics
- NSAIDs
- anticonvulsants
tackle underlying cause! may be resloved in 2-4 weeks
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia usually only occurs in patients with…
HIV
- Look for a CD4 count of <200/mm3
thin, white homogenous discharge
clue cells on microscopy: stippled vaginal epithelial cells
vaginal pH > 4.5
positive whiff test (addition of potassium hydroxide results in fishy odour)
What’s the diagnosis and treatment?
Bacterial vaginosis!
Treat with oral metronidazole for 7 days
alt. is clindamycin
What is the 4 part drug regimen used for TB treatment?
RIPE
- Rifampicin
- isonazid
- Pyranzinamide
- Ethambutol (if no visual issues)
Where do you get leptospirosis and what are the symptoms
through rat urine
- fever
- flu-like symptoms
- renal failure (seen in 50% of patients)
- jaundice
- subconjunctival haemorrhage
- headache, may herald the onset of meningitis
Treat w benxypenicllin or doxy
Dengue fever is what type of infection and what is it from?
a viral infection which can progress to viral haemorrhagic fever (also yellow fever, Lassa fever, Ebola)
From mosquito bites!
Incubation period, symptoms and treatment of Dengue Fever?
7 days incubation period
- causes headache (often retro-orbital)
- fever
- myalgia
- pleuritic pain
- facial flushing (dengue)
- maculopapular rash
Treatment isentirely symptomatic
What is the major firstline treatment for most forms of meningitis?
IV cefotaxime
What are the live vaccinations to be aware of?
- BCG
- MMR
- oral polio
- yellow fever
- oral typhoid
Erythema_____________ (also known as fifth disease or ‘slapped-cheek syndrome’
is caused by what infectious agent?
Erythema infectiosum (also known as fifth disease or ‘slapped-cheek syndrome’
is caused by Parovirus B19
In patients with suspected meningitis, organisms stained with india ink point to what organism as a cause?
Cyrptococcus neoformans
encapsulated yeast and an obligate aerobe, often in immunocomprimised individuals
Lyme disease is caused by the ________ and is spread by ___
Caused by: spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi
spread by ticks
First line treatment for diabetic neuropathy
first-line treatment: amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin
Why should amitryptillin be avoided in patients with BPH
***amitryptilin should not be used in the setting of BPH due to increased urinary retention risk
What are differentials for a ‘starry sky’ appearance?
Burkitts lymphoma is a B-cell cancer
The ‘sky’ = densely packed malignant B cells
the ‘stars’ = fixation artefact derived from debris-filled macrophages.
Why does burkitts lymphoma sometimes present with a sore throat and what other weird ways can it present?
Closely associated with EBV!
Also as its rapidly growing it can compress nerve roots (eg brachial plexus) causing limb weakness
if diarrhoea and gastroenteritis symptoms persist >3weeks what organism should you consider
Giardiasis
EBV is associated with what malignancys
Hodgkins lymphoma
Burkitts lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Genital warts are caused by HPV strains
6 and 11
Physical features of acromegaly
big hands, supraorbital ridge, big tongue, wide-spaced teeth, carpel-tunnel syndrome, hypertension, increased sweatiness
***can have compression symptoms if it’s a large pituitary macroadenoma!
Acromegaly puts you at a higher risk of?
cardiovascular events and colorectal cancer
Investigations and diagnostic tests of acromegaly?
Oral glucose tolerance test with GH measurement: DIAGNOSTIC
Serum insulin like growth factors (IGF-1) reflects 24hr GH levels and is a screening test
Acromegaly treatment
- Surgery
- Drugs (octreotide, dopamine if it cosecretes prolactin)
- radiotherapy
What pneumonia indcing organism commonly causes reactivation of the herpes simplex virus resulting in ‘cold sores’
Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly causes reactivation of the herpes simplex virus resulting in ‘cold sores’
Pepperpot skull is a characteristic X-ray finding of
hyperparathyroidism
High circulating levels of parathyroid hormone stimulate increased osteoclast activity. Increased uptake of trabecular bone leads to the formation of multiple small radiolucent lesions of the skull which gives the appearance of a pepperpot (the finding is sometimes called the salt and pepper sign). A similar appearance can also be seen in multiple myeloma (although in myeloma, it is more accurately called raindrop skull).
Dx of IMN is done how and when?
heterophil antibody test (Monospot test)
Done in the second week
What antibiotic can cause a black hairy tongue?
Tetracyclines (doxycycline or tetracycline)
From defective desquamation of the villi (can be other colours)
What to test for to confirm drug-induced Lupus?
Anti-histone antibodies (80-90%)
ANA positive in 100%
sDNA negative
Blue sclera is associated with
osteogenesis imperfecta
