Infectious disease Flashcards
Gram stain : positive vs negative
Positive: blue purple
Negative: red
Chains
Strepotococci
Clusters
Staphylococci
Gram + Diplococci example
Strep pneumo
Gram - coccobacilli example
Haemophilus
Gram - diplococci
Neisseria
Morazella
Gram - rod, plump, thick mucoid capsule
Klebseilla
Gram + rods that forms spores
Clostridium
Bacillus
Pseudophyphae
Candida
Acid fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nocardia
Gram + sulfur granules
Actinomyces (PID w/ IUD, neck mass, cervical adenitits)
Silver stain
PCP and cat scratch
Positive India ink - think capsule
Cryptococcus
Spirochete
Treponema - dark field
Leptospira - dark field
Borrelia- light microscope
Catalase positive
Staph aureus
Serratia
Klebsiella
Aspergillus
Pt stuck with thorn:
Bug
Tx
Sporothrix schenckii
Tx: Itraconaozle, fluconazole, oral potassium iodine
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell or other hemoglobinopathy
Parvovirus B19
Sepsis after splenectomy or autosplenectomy in sickle cell
S pneumo
H flu
N meningitidis
ENCAPSULATED!!
Pneumo in SW
Bug and Tx
Cocci
Tx: itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B if severe
Pneumo after cave exploring or bat droppings in Ohio and Mississippi River
Tx
Histoplasma capsulatum - acute pulm Sx
Tx: IV amphotericin B, lifelong itraconazole if HIV positiive
Pneumo after bird
Chlamydia psittaci
Fungus ball or hemoptysis after TB induced cavitary disease
Tx
Aspergillus - halo sign on CT
Tx: voriconazole
Pneumo with silicosis
Tb
Diarrhea after hiking or drinking from stream
Bug
Dx
Tx
Giardia lamblia
Dx: cyst in stool
Tx: metronidazole
Pregnant woman with cats
Bug Tx
Toxoplasmosis gondii
Tx: spiramycin
Vit B 12 def and ABD sx
Diphyllobothrium latum
Seizures with ring enhancing lesions on CT
Tx
Taenia solium - cysticercosis OR Toxoplasmosis
Tx: albendazole or praziquantel, steroids, consider anticonvulsants
Bladder cancer squamous cell in MIddle East and Africa
Schistosoma haematobium
Worm infection kids
Tx
Enterobius - positive tape test, perianal itching worse at night
Tx: mebendazole, albendazole
Fever, mm pain, eosinophilia, periorbital edema after eating raw meat
Trichinella spiralis - trichinosis
Food poisoning after creams or dairy
S aureus from preformed toxin
Gastroenteritis in young kids
Rotavirus
Norwalk
Food poisoning after reheated rice
Bacillus cereus by preformed toxin- no help with abx
Food poisoning seagood
Virbio parahaemolytcius
Diarrhea after Mexico
Tx
E coli
Tx: ciprofloxacin
Diarrhea after abc
Tx
C diff
Oral metronidaozole or vancomycin
Infant paralyzed after honey
C botulinum - toxin bloch Ach release = hypotnia, poor feeding, neurogenic bladder, constipation
Genital lesions kids without sexual abuse
Molluscum contagiosum
Cellulitis after cat or dog bite
Tx
Pasteurella multocida- amoxicillin clauvulanate
Slaugterhouse worker with fever
Brucella
Empiric abx and bugs: bronchitis
No abx shown to be good
Virus, H flu, Moraxella
Empiric abx and bugs: Cellulitis
Cephalexin or dicloxacillin, Clindamycin or TMP-SMX if suspect MRSA
Staph/strep
Empiric abx and bugs: Endocarditis
Antisaph pen or vanc + aminoglycoside
Staph/strep
Empiric abx and bugs:meningitis - kid or adulte
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone + vanc
Strep pneumo, N meningitidis
Empiric abx and bugs: ostemyelitis
Oxacilli, cefazolin, vanc
Staph aureus, Salmonella
Empiric abx and bugs: atypical pneumo
Macrolide, doxy
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
Empiric abx and bugs: classic pneumo
3rd ceph, azithromycin
S pneumo, H flu
Empiric abx and bugs: Septic arthritis
Antistaph pen, vanc = S aureus
Ceftazidine or ceftriazone or cefotaxime = Gram N bacilli
3rd pen or ceph + aminoglycoside, imipenem = Gram N bugs, strep, staph
Empiric abx and bugs: UTI
TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, amoxicilli, quinolones
E coli
DOC bacteroidies
Metronidazole
Alt: clindamycin
DOC Borrelia
Doxy (not < 8 yrs or pregnant or lactating), amox, cefuroxime
Alt: Erythromycin
DOC chlamydia
Azithromycin, doxy
Alt: erythromycin, oflaxacin, levafloxacin
DOC E coli
3rd gen ceph, fluoroquinolones
Alt: Aminoglycoside
DOC Enterococci
Pen or amp + amino glycoside
Alt: Vanc + aminoglycoside
DOC GC
Ceftriaxone plus doxy or azithromycin
DOC haeomophilus
2/3 ceph
Alt: ampicillin
DOC Klebsiella
3rd ceph, fluoroquinolone
Alt: 3rd pen + aminoglycoside
DOC meningococcus
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Alt: Pen G if susceptible
DOC TB
RIPE
DOC mycoplasma
Macrolide
Alt: doxy, fluoroquinolone
DOC Pseudomonas
Ticardcillin or piperacillin + aminoglycoside
Alt: Ceftazidine, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, cipro
DOC strep A or B
Pen or cephazolin
Alt: eryhtromycin
DOC Treponema
Pen
Alt: doxy
DOC strep pneumo
3rd ceph
Alt: fluoroquinolone
DOC staph
Antisraph pen
Alt: Vanc if MRSA
Pneumo hotel, air conditioner, water tower
Bug and Tx
Legionella
HA, GI Sx
Tx: azithromycin or levofloxacin
BUrn wound infection with blue green color
Pseudomonas
Gold standard to dx pneumo
sputum culture
Common causes pneumo
Strep pneumo H flu Staph aureus Gram N - Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E coli Mycoplasma Chlam pneumo Viral PCP
Most common cause pneumo
Strep pneumo
Uncommon due to vaccination
H flu