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COMLEX 2 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Most common pathogen of Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Group A Strep (NOT staph aureus)

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2
Q

Disease that AIDS pts. can get from birds/pigeons
Dx
Tx

A

Cryptococcal meningitis (budding yeasts on India ink)
LP
Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

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3
Q

Describe erysipelas.
Causative pathogen
Tx

A

Raised, erythematous area with noted demarcation and painful to touch
Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)
PCN

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4
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

Tx

A 
Type 3 H.S. small vessel vasculitis in children d/t IgA complexes presenting as purpura in buttocks, hematuria, and proteinuria. 
Supportive care (hydration, rest, pain management)
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5
Q

Neutropenic Fever: What should you give if the fever doesn’t resolve with empiric antibiotics (Anti-pseudomonals)?

A

Amphotericin B anti-fungal

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6
Q

Post-Herpetic Neuralgia tx.

A

Nortriptyline is 1st line (Pregabalin is 2nd line)

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7
Q

Type I H.S. (anaphylaxis, asthma, urticaria/hives)

Mechanism

A

Ag cross links IgE on Mast and Basophils thereby releasing Histamine

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8
Q

Type II H.S. (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Goodpasture Syn, Rheumatic Fever)

Mechanism

A

Cy-2-toxic process where IgM and IgG bind to Ag on enemy cell to form Membrane Attack Complex or phagocytosis

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9
Q

Type III H.S. (Polyarteritis nodosa, SLE, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Serum sickness, Arthus rxn)

Mechanism

A

Ag-Ab complexes activate complement and attract Neutrophils which then kill with lysozymes

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10
Q

Type IV H.S. (Delayed type, Mantoux test, Transplant rejection, Contact dermatitis)

Mechanism

A

T lymph are sensitized and when triggered, release lymphokines to activate macrophages

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11
Q

Most common pathogen in nosocomial acquired G(-) bacteremias.

Tx?

A

Enterobacter

Ertapenem

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12
Q

Tetanus Management Clean minor wound:

A

Unknown vacc. hx or 10 yrs since last dose. Otherwise nothing.

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13
Q

Tetanus Management NON-minor wound:

A

Unknown vacc. hx or 10 yrs since last dose. Otherwise nothing.

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14
Q

Tx. of Mucor

A

Amphotericin B + Surgical debridement

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15
Q

Dx. Hydatid cyst (Echinoccocus)

A

US + serology

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16
Q

Tx. for Local Tetanus

A

Tetanus Ig
Metronidazole
Benzodiazepine (like Diazepam)

17
Q

Tx. for Methicillin-Sensitive Staph Aureus (MSSA)

A

Cefazolin

18
Q

Tx. of Coagulase-Negative Staph bacteria

A

Vancomycin empirically

19
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Ohio River Valley
Diffuse bilateral nodular densities
Hilar lymphadenopathy

Tx: IV Amphotericin B then Itraconazole x 12wks

20
Q

Blastomycosis (Broad Based Budding)

A

South Central US
Flu-like illness
Violaceous papules with crusting

21
Q

When is PCV13 (pneumococcal vaccine 13 valent given)?

A

for 65+ y.o. then do PPSV23

22
Q

When is PPSV23 vaccine given?

A

1 time vaccine

23
Q

Salmonella keywords

A

G(-) rod MOTILE (“salmon swim”) with flagella
Lactose Non-fermenter
H2S +
upregulates cAMP

Tx: Quinolone, TMP-SMX

24
Q

Shigella keywords

A 
G(-) rod NONMOTILE
Lactose Non-fermenter
H2S (-)
protein synthesis inhibiting toxin
daycare

Tx: Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin

25
Q

Tuberculosis keywords

A

Acid Fast
Non-calcified round opacities
Cavitation of upper lobe is “advanced TB”

26
Q

What herbal remedy should be avoided in a pt. taking HAART?

A

St. John’s Wort. It increases metabolism of protease inhibitors.

27
Q

Sarcoidosis pathophysiology

A

macro –> 1-a-hydroxylase (which converts Vit D to active 1,25…) thus increasing Ca absorption

28
Q

AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 200-500 CD4

Prophylaxis?

A 
Candidiasis
HSV
Kaposi
TB (Ppx: Isoniazid x 9mo)
Varicella
29
Q

AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 100-200 CD4

Prophylaxis?

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia

Ppx: TMP-SMX single strength

30
Q

AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 50-100 CD4

Prophylaxis?

A

Coccidioidomycosis
CryptoSPORIDIUM
Histoplasma
Toxoplasmosis (Ppx: TMP-SMX 2x strength)

31
Q

AIDS Opportunistic Infections at

A

CMV retinitis
CNS Lymphoma
CryptoCOCCUS
MAC (Ppx: weekly Azithromycin or weekly Clarithromycin)

32
Q

Rheumatic Fever Criteria

Dx?

A

Joints

33
Q

Graft V. Host Disease (Type IV H.S.)

A

T cells from DONOR attack the HOST’s cells

34
Q

Tx. Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis

A

Azithromycin (macrolide), Tetracycline, or Fluoroquinolone + Oral rehydration

35
Q

Cryptococcal Meningitis keywords

A

HIV pt.
budding yeasts on India ink
pigeons

Tx: Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

36
Q

Primary Amyloidosis keywords

A

proteinuria
heavy lambda-light chains
apple green birefringence after K+-permanganate

COMLEX 2 (19 decks)

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