Infectious Disease 2 Flashcards
2 ABX that should be avoided in neonates?
Ceftriaxone, Sulfonamides
Why should Ceftriaxone, Sulfonamides be avoided in neonates?
Hyperbilirubinemia
43 yo male presents with fever, HA, joint pain, myalagias; Just returned from trip to India; After BP cuff is applied to arm, petechia develop in that area; PE shows cervical LAD, hepatosplenomegaly; Labs show PL 48, WBC 2.8, ALT 168, AST 232 – diagnosis?
Dengue
Complication of Dengue?
Cardiovascular collapse
5 aspects of clinical presentation for Dengue?
High fever, retroorbital pain, arthralgia, myalgias, petechia
15 mo female presents for 4 days of fever, rhinorrhea, cough, sore throat, bilateral conjunctivitis, facial rash (spares palms/soles); PE shows anterior cervical LAD - diagnosis?
Rubeola
Alternate name for Rubeola?
Measles
Clinical aspects of presentation for measles?
Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza + rash with craniocaudal spread
24 yo male presents for R-sided facial weakness; 2 months ago, went hiking in Appalachian Mountains; At that time, experienced illness with HA, fatigue, annular rash; PE shows R eyebrow that is unable to raise fully, along with inability to fully close R eye - what is next step in management?
Lyme serology
24 yo male presents for R-sided facial weakness; 2 months ago, went hiking in Appalachian Mountains; At that time, experienced illness with HA, fatigue, annular rash; PE shows R eyebrow that is unable to raise fully, along with inability to fully close R eye - diagnosis?
2nd stage Lyme disease
What is best management of 2nd stage Lyme disease (2 ABX)?
Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone
Alternate name for 2nd stage Lyme disease?
Early disseminated Lyme disease
34 yo female presents for 24 hours of HA, myalgias, low-grade fever; HX of pyelonephritis; LP is performed, CSF analysis shows large RBCs, no xanthochromia, 100 WBCs, 50 protein, 90 glucose - diagnosis?
Traumatic LP
What is the most indicative finding of Traumatic LP on CSF analysis?
High RBCs, without xanthochromia
19 yo male presents for dysuria, watery urethral discharge; Sexually active; Gram stain of urethral swab is negative for bacterial, positive for many PMNs - diagnosis?
Non-gonoccocal urethritis
Urethral discharge seein in gonoccocal urethritis?
Thick, purulent
19 yo male presents for dysuria, watery urethral discharge; Sexually active; Gram stain of urethral swab is negative for bacterial, positive for many PMNs - best management?
Azithromycin … OR … Doxycycline
19 yo male presents for dysuria, watery urethral discharge; Sexually active; Gram stain of urethral swab is negative for bacterial, positive for many PMNs; Treated with Azithromycin, but returns to office 2 weeks later for persistent dysuria; NAAT negative for gonorrhea, chlamydia - best next step?
Repeat urethral swab and Gram stain
Classic lab finding associated with hookworms?
Eosinophilia
Complication of hookworm infection?
Iron deficiency anemia
Best initial diagnostic test of hookworm infection?
Stool ova and parasite
26 yo male is undergoing CTX for metastatic seminoma; Presents to ED for fever, chills; PE shows T102; Labs show WBC 690 (20% PMNs), pancytopenia - diagnosis?
Febrile neutropenia
Definition of Febrile neutropenia?
Absolute PMN count < 1500
26 yo male is undergoing CTX for metastatic seminoma; Presents to ED for fever, chills; PE shows T102; Labs show WBC 690 (20% PMNs), pancytopenia - what is initial therapy?
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Most common pathogen responsible for Febrile neutropenia?
Pseudomonas
3 ABX of choice for Febrile neutropenia?
Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Cefepime, Meropenem
Patients with oral thrush and no history of recent ABX, inhaled corticosteroid, or CTX should be evaluated for …
HIV
Best screening test for HIV?
HIV Ag, HIV 1-2 Ig
Pathogen responsible for HFM disease?
Coxsackie
19 yo female presents for N, abdominal pain, D; Recently returned home from trip to Guatemala; PE shows abdominal distention; Fecal occult is (+); Labs show Hgb 10.4, Eosinophils 13% - diagnosis?
Intestinal helminths
Best management of Intestinal helminths?
Albendazole
Complication of C.Diff infection?
Intestinal perforation
3 hallmark symptoms of C. Diff infection?
Profuse watery diarrhea, fever, leukocytosis
What is best management of colonic distension (toxic megacolon) that results from C. Diff infection?
Surgical consultation
4 hallmark features of toxic megacolon that results from C. Diff infection?
Systemic toxicity (hypotension, tachycardia), abdominal distension, leukocytosis, radiographic evidence of large-bowel dilation
32 yo female presents with cough, SOB; 3 episodes of PNA during past 1 year, along with 1 episode bloody diarrhea; CXR shows RLL infiltrate, LUL fibrosis - what is most likely diagnosis?
Humoral immunity defect
What is best initial step of workup for patients with suspected Humoral immunity defect?
Quantitative measurement of serum Ig
5 yo male presents for WCC; Hospitalized 1 month ago for asthma exacerbation; Scheduled for have MMR vaccine today, but mother reports fever to 103 during first MMR - should child get MMR today?
Yes
Age at which children should get MMR vaccine?
1 and 4 yo
CI to MMR vaccine?
Anaphylaxis to MMR, gelatin, neomycin; Immunodeficiency (HIV with CD4 < 200), Pregnancy
40 yo male presents with AMS, decreased strength in LUE; HIV (+) with CD4 count 40; CT scan shows well-demarcated small focal lesion in R hemisphere, consistent with primary CNS lymphoma - what is best prognostic indicator for primary CNS lymphoma?
Increase in CD4 count after HAART initiation
Primary CNS lymphoma is strongly related to which pathogen?
EBV
20 yo male presents with fever, dysphagia, poor coordination, drooling; Symptoms started 1 week ago with fever, sore throat, fatigue; Went on school trip to caves 2 months ago; PE shows drool pooling in mouth - diagnosis?
Rabies
Hallmark presentation of Rabies?
Hydrophobia, pharyngeal spasms
2 most common animal reservoirs for rabies?
Racoons, bats
Prognosis for human Rabies infection once symptomatic?
Poor, usually results in death (treatment typically palliative); Post-exposure PPX is effective only in preventing disease prior to manifestation of symptoms
42 yo male presents for fever, chills, HA, myalgias, abdominal pain, NV; Recently returned from African safari ~2.5 weeks ago; Vitals show T 103, HR 114; PE shows mild pharyngeal erythema, splenomegaly; Labs shows pancytopenia - diagnosis?
Malaria
Pathogen responsible for Malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
DOC for chlamydia infection in non-pregnant patients?
Doxycycline
DOC for chlamydia infection in pregnant patients?
Azithromycin
2 complications of untreated chlamydia infection in pregnant patients?
PPROM, Postpartum endometritis
Best screening test for Hepatitis C infection?
HCV antibody testing
If a patient has a (+) result for HCV antibody testing, how can you determine who has ongoing, active disease?
Further testing with HCV RNA
What is the value of NAAT testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea?
High sensitivity and specificity
64 yo male presents to ED after developing fever while completing HD via tunneled catheter – diagnosis?
Catheter-related bloodstream infection
Best empiric ABX for Catheter-related bloodstream infection?
Vancomycin + Cefepime
Additional aspect of workup for Catheter-related bloodstream infection?
2 sets of blood cultures
When should you NOT leave a catheter in placed in setting of Catheter-related bloodstream infection?
Patient develops sepsis, Patient is HD-unstable, Evidence of metastatic infection, Pus at site of catheter, Continued symptoms after 72 hours of empiric ABX
Diagnostic test of choice for suspected osteomyelitis?
MRI spine
Confirmation of osteomyelitis requires …
CT-guided biopsy
13 yo male develops poison ivy after camping trip – what is the best recommendation for reducing spread of active lesions?
Immediate removal of contaminated apparel and cleansing of exposed areas
6 yo male presents to ED 1 day after dog bite; Dog and patient are UTD on vaccinations; Patient reports worsening pain, worse with making a fist; PE shows minimal serous drainage from laceration; Wound is copiously irrigated with saline – what is best management of wound?
Wound should be left open to heal by secondary intention
4 features of wounds that have high risk of infection?
Cat or human bite; Bite occurred 24+ hours ago on body; Bite occurred 12+ hours ago on face; Bites on extremity
How should bite wounds on face be managed?
Should be closed
Which HPV serotypes cause genital words?
6, 11
Which HPV serotypes cause cancer?
16, 18
HPV vaccine series should be offered to all patients ages …
11-26
Best management of active TB infection in pregnant females?
INH + Rifamin + Ethambutol + Vitamin B6 (2 months) … + … INH + Rifamin (7 months)
How should croup be diagnosed?
Clinical diagnosis … no XR needed for diagnosis