Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
Most common cause of diaper dermatitis?
A
Contact dermatitis
2
Q
Best treatment for contact, diaper dermatitis?
A
Keep the area as dry as possible … frequent diaper changes, Zinc oxide, Exposure of skin to air
3
Q
Pattern of contact, diaper dermatitis?
A
Spares the inguinal skin folds
4
Q
Appearance of candida diaper dermatitis?
A
Beefy-red lesions, with involvement of skin folds
5
Q
Best treatment for candida diaper dermatitis?
A
Nystatin cream, Miconazole … (avoid powdered azole due to aspiration risk)
6
Q
Common trigger for appearance of contact diaper dermatitis?
A
Recent episode of diarrhea
7
Q
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) results from mutation in …
A
Filaggrin gene
8
Q
Initial treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Emollients
9
Q
First-line treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Topical corticosteroids
10
Q
Second-line treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
11
Q
Example of topical calcineurin inhibitor used in treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Pimecrolimus
12
Q
2 types of secondary infection that may result from atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Impetigo, Eczema herpeticum
13
Q
Pathogen responsible for Impetigo in the setting of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
Staph aureus
14
Q
Pathogen responsible for Eczema herpeticum in the setting of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
A
HSV
15
Q
Example of pregnancy-induced skin changes?
A
Intense abdominal pruritis without primary skin lesions
16
Q
Best management of pregnancy-induced skin changes?
A
Supportive care … oatmeal baths, UV light, anti-histamines
17
Q
Clinical presentation of pemphigoid gestationis?
A
Pruritis that precedes a truncal rash
18
Q
Description of truncal rash seen in pemphigoid gestationis?
A
Periumbilical, urticarial papules and plaques that develop into tense bullae
19
Q
Location of papules and plaques in setting of pemphigoid gestationis?
A
Spreads all over body, but spares mucosal membranes
20
Q
Pathophysiology of pemphigoid gestationis?
A
Autoimmune
21
Q
Best treatment of pemphigoid gestationis?
A
High-potency topical corticosteroids, Anti-histamines
22
Q
Example of a High-potency topical corticosteroid used in setting of pemphigoid gestationis?
A
Triamcinolone
23
Q
Which parts of hands are typically affected by irritant contact dermatitis?
A
Where skin is thinnest … Dorsum of hand, Webs, Fingertips
24
Q
Most cases of irritant contact dermatitis result from ___ exposure
A
Occupational
25
Dyshidrotic eczema is characterized by …
Vesicular lesions affecting palms + soles
26
Best management of Dyshidrotic eczema?
Topical glucocorticoids, Emollients, Handwashing
27
Clinical presentation of seborrheic dermatitis?
Greasy scales along scalp, central face, ears
28
Pathogen most commonly associated with seborrheic dermatitis?
Malassezia
29
Clinical course of seborrheic dermatitis?
Chronic, relapsing condition
30
Best long-term treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?
Intermittent re-treatment with topical ketoconazole every 1-2 weeks
31
Initial treatment of seborrheic dermatitis?
Topical antifungals, topical glucocorticoids, topical calcineurin inhibitors
32
Example of a topical calcineurin inhibitor used for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis?
Tacrolimus
33
2 examples of topical antifungals used for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis?
Ketoconazole, selenium sulfide
34
3 most common locations of lichen planus involvement?
Oral mucosa, flexural surfaces, external genitalia
35
3 characteristics of lichen planus skin lesions?
Intensely pruritic, polygonal, purple plaques + papules
36
Appearance of lichen planus lesions in oral mucosa?
White lacy pattern
37
Initial step in diagnosis of suspected lichen planus?
Punch biopsy
38
Condition that is most often associated with lichen planus?
Hepatitis C
39
Etiology of lichen planus?
T-cell attack against basal keratinocytes of epidermis
40
Clinical presentation of actinic keratosis (AK)?
Small, rough, erythematous papules
41
Complication of untreated AK?
20% risk of progression to squamous cell CA
42
Best treatment for individual AK lesions?
Cryosurgery, surgical excision
43
Best treatment for multiple areas of AK?
Topical field therapy with 5-FU
44
62 yo female presents with deep wrinkles, brown spots on face; PE shows skin with variable pigmentation, rough ruface texture, scattered fleshy papules with irregular margins, telangiectasia – diagnosis?
Photoaging
45
Etiology of Photoaging?
Combination of intrinsic aging + UV light exposure
46
Clinical presentation for Pityriasis rosea?
Herald patch, followed by “Christmas tree” pattern
47
Clinical presentation for erythrasma?
Pruritic red-brown finely wrinkled papules
48
Diagnostic test for erythrasma?
Wood lamp … shows red fluorescent
49
Pathogen responsible for erythrasma?
Cornyebacterium
50
Which lifestyle factor is most likely to cause worsened wrinkles in old age?
Smoking
51
Etiology of smoking-associated wrinkles?
Decreased blood flow; Circulating toxins alter production of collagen + elastin
52
Initial treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris?
Topical retinoids, Benzoyl peroxide
53
Treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris that is unresponsive to Topical retinoids, Benzoyl peroxide?
Topical ABX
54
2 topical ABX of choice for inflammatory acne vulgaris?
Erythromycin, Clindamycin
55
Treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris that is unresponsive to Topical ABX?
Oral ABX
56
2 oral ABX of choice for inflammatory acne vulgaris?
Doxycycline, Minocycline
57
Use of ginkgo biloba?
Memory enhancement
58
Adverse effect of ginkgo biloba?
Increased bleeding risk
59
Use of ginseng?
Improved mental performance
60
Adverse effect of ginseng?
Increased bleeding risk
61
Use of saw palmetto?
Treatment for BPH
62
Adverse effect of saw palmetto?
Mild stomach discomfort
63
Use of black cohosh?
Menopause symptoms
64
Adverse effect of black cohosh?
Hepatic injury
65
Use of St. John’s Wort
Depression
66
Adverse effect of St. John’s Wort?
Drug interactions (CYP450), HTN crisis
67
Use of kava?
Anxiety, insomnia
68
Adverse effect of kava?
Severe liver damage
69
Use of licorice?
Treatment of stomach ulcers
70
Adverse effect of licorice?
HTN, Hypokalemia
71
Use of echinacea?
Treatment/prevention of cold + flu
72
Adverse effect of echinacea?
Dyspepsia
73
Use of Ephedra?
Treatment/prevention of cold + flu
74
Adverse effect of Ephedra?
HTN, Arrhythmia, MI, Sudden Cardiac Death, CVA, Seizure
75
Image of cherry angioma?
\*\*\*
76
Clinical presentation of cherry angioma?
Sharply circumscribed area of congested capillaries, dome-shaped papules; Commonly found on trunk; Bleed if disturbed
77
Alternate name for cherry angioma?
Senile hemangiomas
78
Prognosis for cherry angioma?
Benign vascular lesion; Do not require treatment
79
What is 1 common additional finding seen with alopecia areata?
Nail pitting
80
Description of hair loss seen in alopecia areata?
Well-demarcated, round patch of hair loss
81
Patients with alopecia areata have an increased risk of …
Other autoimmune conditions
82
Clinical presentation of dermatomyositis?
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness + Grotton’s papules + Heliotrope rash
83
Diagnostic test for dermatomyositis?
Serologic + Ig testing … (+) ANA, (+) anti-Jo1
84
2 conditions associated with dermatomyositis?
ILD, Malignancy (adenocarcinoma)
85
Imaging study of choice for patients with dermatomyositis + NO respiratory symptoms?
CXR
86
Imaging study of choice for patients with dermatomyositis + respiratory symptoms?
Lung CT
87
In addition to sunscreen, what is another measure than can prevent sun damage?
Adequate hydration
88
Etiology of papular urticaria?
Delayed HSN reaction to insect bites
89
Appearance of papular urticaria?
Look like insect bites … surrounded by pale halos (caused by dermal edema)
90
Clinical prognosis for papular urticaria?
Spontaneous resolution
91
Best management of papular urticaria?
Topical corticosteroids + H1 blockers (cetirizine)
92
\_\_\_ refers to localized bacterial infection of the nail fold?
Acute paronychia
93
Best treatment for acute paronychia?
Warm antiseptic soaks, topical ABX
94
Indication for Kava herbal supplement?
Anxiety, insomnia
95
AE of Kava herbal supplement?
Liver failure
96
Pathogen responsible for intertrigo?
Candida albicans
97
Clinical diagnosis of intertrigo can be confirmed via …
KOH examination
98
Best management of intertrigo?
Topical antifungals (azoles, nystatin, terbinafine)
99
Clinical presentation of acute lichen sclerosis?
Thinning of vulva, with hypopigmented + pruritic areas
100
Clinical presentation of chronic lichen sclerosis?
Chronic irritation transformed the thinned skin to thickened skin with formation of vulvular plaques … obliteration of labia minora
101
Association between lichen sclerosis and incontinence?
Obliteration of urethra results in dysuria + incontinence
102
Best management of lichen sclerosis?
Punch biopsy to assess for associated vulvar CA + high-potency steroids
103
Best management of acne that demonstrates pre-menstrual flares?
Estrogen-progesterone OCPs
104
MOA of OCPs in treatment of acne that demonstrates pre-menstrual flares?
Estrogen functions as anti-androgen that suppresses sebum production
105
Clinical prognosis for melasma?
Will spontaneously resolve within 1 year of delivery
106
Etiology of melasma?
Radiation exposure triggers the proliferation of melanocytes
107
How can you minimize the progression of melasma?
Limit sun exposure; Wear sunscreen
108
Description of rash seen in ecthyma gangrenosum?
PAINLESS red macules that rapidly progress to bullae, then evolve into gangrenous ulcers
109
Epidemiology of ecthyma gangrenosum?
Immunocompromised patients with neutropenia
110
Etiology of ecthyma gangrenosum?
Pseudomonas bacteremia
111
Best management of ecthyma gangrenosum?
Assume pseudomonal bacteremia … treat with empiric ABX (zosyn, aminoglycosides)
112
Description of rash seen in pyoderma gangrenosum?
PAINFUL vesicles that quickly evolve to ulcers
113
Epidemiology of pyoderma gangrenosum?
IBD
114
Definition of chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Lasting \> 6 weeks, occurs without apparent trigger
115
Most common etiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Idiopathic
116
Best initial workup for chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Limited lab evaluation
117
Best management of symptom control in chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Second generation H1-blocker
118
2 examples of Second generation H1-blocker used in treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Cetirizine, Loratadine
119
Clinical prognosis for chronic spontaneous urticaria?
Self-limited, responds well to standard therapy, spontaneous resolution within 2-5 years
120
Best initial management of keloids?
Intralesional glucocorticoids
121
Etiology of keloid formation?
Overproduction of extracellular matrix + dermal fibroblasts
122
Complication of Intralesional glucocorticoids as management for keloids?
Keloid reformation
123
ABX for acne that is associated with photosensitivity?
Doxycycline
124
Best management of 1st degree sunburns?
Supportive
125
Best management of 2nd and 3rd degree sunburns?
Hospitalization, IV fluids, analgesia, wound care
126
Which treatment is NOT recommended in the care of sunburns?
Oral or topical corticosteroids … due to risk of impaired wound healing and infection
127
AE of gingko biloba?
Bleeding, platelet dysfunction
128
Indication for gingko biloba?
Memory aide
129
43 yo male presents for 2 days of blistering, itching of his hand; Developed a superficial burn on the index finger about 1 week ago, has been treating the burn with topical neomycin/polymyxin/bacitracin; PE reveals erythema with small vesicles, bulla between his index and middle finger - diagnosis?
Acute allergic contact dermatitis … due to topical ABX application
130
20 yo female presents for facial rash; HX of atopic dermatitis; PE shows rash that appears as mildly painful vesicles over bilateral eyelids and cheeks; T 100.4 - diagnosis?
Eczema herpeticum
131
Pathogen responsible for Eczema herpeticum?
HSV
132
Best treatment for Eczema herpeticum?
Acyclovir
133
Best management of seborrheic keratosis?
Reassurance
134
What is best treatment for onychomycosis?
Oral terbinafine
135
Pathogen responsible for onychomycosis?
Trichophyton rubrum
136
What is best treatment for tinea pedis?
Oral terbinafine
137
70 yo male presents for skin rash, seen as widespread redness with blistering and severe itching; Rash was preceded by 4 weeks of widespread itching and urticaria; PE shows scattered vesicles and bullae - diagnosis?
Bullous pemphigoid
138
Epidemiology of Bullous pemphigoid?
Age \> 60
139
Best initial step of management for Bullous pemphigoid?
Skin biopsy
140
Appearance of skin biopsy in Bullous pemphigoid?
Subepidermal cleavage, linear deposition of IgG along basement membrane
141
What is best management of actinic keratosis lesion \> 1cm?
Skin biopsy
142
4 characteristics of actinic keratosis lesions that require biopsy?
Size \> 1cm, Tenderness, induration, rapid growth, typical lesions with failed response to cryotherapy/5-FU
143
Classic advice for sunscreen application?
SPF \> 30, Apply 15-20 minutes prior to outdoor activity, Reapply every 2 hours
144
16 yo male presents for itchy rash on back + shoulders; HX of seasonal allergies, acne; PE shows lichenified plaques on back and posterior R shoulder - diagnosis?
Atopic dermatitis
145
Evidence of chronic Atopic dermatitis?
Lichenified plaques
146
Most common location of Atopic dermatitis in infants?
Extensor surfaces
147
Most common location of Atopic dermatitis in children?
Flexural surfaces
148
What is best strategy for reducing symptoms of itching in patients with Atopic dermatitis?
Skin hydration
149
What are 2 lab findings associated with Atopic dermatitis?
Elevated IgE; Eosinophilia
150
If skin hydration with emollients fails to improve symptoms of itching in patients with Atopic dermatitis, what is next best step of management?
Topical triamcinolone (glucocorticoids)
151
Best management of refractory itching in Atopic dermatitis on face/eyelids (where steroids are contraindicated)?
Tacrolimus
152
MOA of Tacrolimus?
Topical calcineurin inhibitor
153
28 yo female presents for painless blistering on back of hands; Recently spent time gardening outside; Hx of Hep C; PE also reveals mild hyperpigmentation of face - diagnosis?
Porphyria cutanea tarda
154
3 aspects of clinical presentation for Porphyria cutanea tarda?
Painless blisters, Increased skin fragility, Hyperpigmentation
155
3 treatment options for Porphyria cutanea tarda?
Phlebotomy, hydroxychloroquine, INF-alpha
156
Classic lab finding seen in Porphyria cutanea tarda?
Elevated urinary uroporphyrins
157
Etiology of Porphyria cutanea tarda?
Deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
158
Condition associated with increased skin tags?
Insulin resistance, OB, metabolic syndrome
159
Alternate name for skin tags?
Acrochordons
160
Appearance of chronic allergic contact dermatitis?
Pruritic lichenified plaques
161
Typical clinical presentation for cholinergic urticaria?
Within minutes of elevated core body temperature, patients develop pruritic urticaria, which resolves within 1-2 hours
162
Clinical prognosis for cholinergic urticaria?
Resolves within 10 years
163
Best management of cholinergic urticaria?
Avoid trigger, H1 blockers (cetirizine)
164
3 hallmark clinical features of psoriatic arthritis?
DIP joint involvement, nail pitting or onychomycosis, scaling plaques on SNAKE
165
Best management of psoriatic arthritis?
Methotrexate
166
2 diseases associated with seborrheic dermatitis?
HIV, Parkinson’s disease
167
In addition to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, which condition is associated with multiple skin tags?
Crohn disease
168
In addition to insulin resistance, which disease is associated with acanthosis nigricans?
GI malignancy
169
84 yo male presents with squamous cell carcinoma; He declines surgical excision; What alternate treatment can be offered to patient?
XRT
170
3 options for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in patients who do not wish to undergo surgical excision?
XRT, cryotherapy, electrosurgery
171
26 yo female presents for removal of tattoos on chest wall and posterior neck; Reports that tattoos have been present for 10 years - what is correct statement regarding tattoo removal for this patient?
Laser removal can lead to scarring and skin discoloration
172
What is clinical prognosis for basal cell carcinoma of eye?
Local invasion with rare distant metastasis
173
What is best management for basal cell carcinoma of eye?
Mohs surgery
174
Clinical prognosis for atopic dermatitis?
Complete resolution by adulthood
175
Alternate name for atopic dermatitis?
Eczema
176
2 most common secondary infections of atopic dermatitis?
HSV, Staph aureus
177
\_\_\_ refers to secondary infection of atopic dermatitis by HSV
Eczema herpeticum
178
\_\_\_ refers to secondary infection of atopic dermatitis by Staph aureus
Impetigo
179
Etiology of atopic dermatitis?
Mutation of filaggrin gene
180
65 yo male presents for multiple pink, grey, white lesions over bilateral hands; Which condition is patient at greatest risk of developing?
Squamous cell carcinoma
181
4 yo male presents with severe diaper rash; Recently admitted for PNA requiring IV ABX; PE shows erythematous confluent plaques over groin with satellite papules on inner thighs - what is DOC for patient?
Clomitrazole cream
182
2 DOCs for diaper rash (candidal)?
Nystatin, clotrimazole
183
What is best management of mild-moderate plaque psoriatic arthritis affecting extensor surfaces of knees, elbows?
Topical fluocinonide cream (0.05%)
184
What is best management of severe plaque psoriatic arthritis affecting extensor surfaces of knees, elbows?
Phototherapy, systemic MTX
185
What is best management of facial intertrigo psoriasis?
Topical tacrolimus
186
What is best management of guttate psoriasis?
Observation, phototherapy
187
ACBDE criteria of melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter \> 6mm, Evolving
188
Best management of a 7mm lesion that raises concern for melanoma?
Excisional biopsy
189
2 most common pathogens responsible for impetigo?
Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes
190
Classic appearance of impetigo?
Erythematous pustules that develop into a thick honey-colored crusting
191
Best management of tinea capitis?
ORAL griseofulvin or terbinafine
192
2 risk factors for development of Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Smoking, OB
193
Management suggestions for all patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Smoking cessation, weight loss, daily skin cleaning
194
Description of Hurley stage 1 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Mild disease
195
Best management of Hurley stage 1 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Topical clindamycin
196
Description of Hurley stage 2 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Inflammatory nodules with sinus tracts + scarring
197
Best management of Hurley stage 2 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Oral tetracyclines
198
Description of Hurley stage 3 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Severe refractory disease
199
Best management of Hurley stage 3 Hidradenitis Suppurativa?
Surgical excision, Oral retinoids, TNFa inhibitors
200
Diagnostic test for scabies?
Skin scrapings under light microscopy
201
Route of transmission for scabies?
Direct contact (person-to-person)
202
Clinical presentation of scabies?
Pruritic rash that is worse at night – classically involves the wrists, lateral fingers, finger webs
203
Best management of scabies?
Application of 5% topical permethrin cream over entire body
204
Alternative treatment for scabies (not 5% topical permethrin cream)?
Oral ivermectin
205
25 yo male presents with area of completely-smooth circular hair loss over back of head; No scaling or inflammation noted – diagnosis?
Alopecia areata
206
Best management of Alopecia areata?
Intralesional corticosteroids
207
Clinical prognosis for Alopecia areata?
High chance of recurrence of hair loss after successful treatment; Most patients have return of normal hair growth in next 1-2 years, even without treatment
208
59 yo male presents with upper abdominal discomfort; HX of multiple abdominal surgeries; PE shows firm, oblong mass that is palpable in epigastric area; Mass has no tenderness to palpation – diagnosis?
Desmoid tumor
209
Etiology of Desmoid tumor?
Abnormal wound healing that causes neoplastic behavior
210
Best management of Desmoid tumor?
MRI with biopsy
211
What are 2 risk factors for development of desmoid tumors?
Gardner’s syndrome, Multiple surgeries
212
Definitive management of Desmoid tumor?
Surgical excision for symptomatic Desmoid tumors
213
Treatment option for Desmoid tumor in a patient who is not a surgical candidate?
Radiation
214
Clinical presentation of dermatofibroma?
Hyperpigmented nodule, usually on the lower extremities
215
Etiology of dermatofibroma?
Insect bite, trauma
216
Clinical presentation of epidermoid cyst?
Nodule on extremities (not trunk, as in Desmoid tumor)
217
Etiology of epidermoid cyst?
Epidermal tissue becomes lodged in dermis
218
Condition associated with epidermoid cyst?
Gardner’s syndrome
219
2 lifestyle interventions to manage acne?
Avoid rigorous scrubbing, use of water-based skin products, pH neutral detergent cleansers
220
Heat stroke is defined as …
Body temperature \> 104 degress + confusion
221
Best management for heat stroke?
Evaporative and conductive cooling
222
45 yo female presents with fever, malaise, facial rash; Picture shown – diagnosis?
Erysipelas
223
45 yo female presents with fever, malaise, facial rash; Picture shown – which pathogen is most likely responsible for rash?
Group A strep
224
16 yo male presents with new rash, which appeared 1 day after hiking; Also on wrestling team; PE shows poorly-demarcated, flat 8x8 cm area of tender, warm, non-fluctuant erythema – diagnosis?
Cellulitis
225
16 yo male presents with new rash, which appeared 1 day after hiking; Also on wrestling team; PE shows poorly-demarcated, flat 8x8 cm area of tender, warm, non-fluctuant erythema – which pathogen is most likely responsible?
Strep pyogenes
226
Most common pathogen responsible for cellulitis?
Strep pyogenes
227
Most common pathogen responsible for abscess?
Staph aureus
228
Best management of cellulitis?
Cephalexin \> 5 days
229
Location of cellulitis?
Deep dermis
230
Location of abscess?
Dermis
231
Indication for saw palmetto?
BPH
232
Indication for garlic?
Hypercholesterolemia
233
Indication for glucosamine?
OA
234
Indication for chondroitin?
OA
235
Indication for St. John’s wort?
Depression, insomnia
236
Indication for ginkgo biloba?
Memory enhancement
237
Indication for ginseng?
Improved mental performance
238
Indication for black cohosh?
Menopausal symptoms
239
Indication for kava?
Anxiety, insomnia
240
Indication for licorice?
Stomach ulcers, bronchitis
241
Indication for echinacea?
Cold, flu
242
Indication for ephedra?
Cold, flu; Weight loss, improved athletic performance
243
AE for saw palmetto?
Stomach pain
244
AE for St. John’s wort?
CYP450 inducer, HTN crisis
245
AE for ginkgo biloba?
Bleeding risk
246
AE for ginseng?
Bleeding risk
247
AE for black cohosh?
Hepatic injury
248
AE for kava?
Severe liver injury
249
AE for licorice?
HTN, hypokalemia
250
AE for echinacea?
Allergic action, dyspepsia
251
AE for ephedra?
HTN, arrythmia, MI, SCD, CVA, Seizure
252
78 yo female presents for scab in L ear; Biopsy shows invasive squamous cell carcinoma – what is best treatment?
Mohs surgery
253
Characteristics of low-risk skin cancer lesions?
Lesions \< 2cm on trunk/extremities (excluding hands/feet)
254
Characteristics of high-risk skin cancer lesions?
Lesions on face, ears, neck, feet, hands, genitalia
255
Best management of high-risk skin cancer lesions?
Mohs surgery
256
ACBDE criteria of melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter \> 6mm, Evolving
257
Best management of a 7mm lesion that raises concern for melanoma?
Excisional biopsy with 1-3mm margins
258
Description of rash seen in keratosis pilaris?
“chicken skin”
259
Best management of keratosis pilaris?
Urea cream, salicylic acid
260
Etiology of keratosis pilaris?
Retained keratin plugs in hair follicles
261
8-year-old male presents after ingestion of antifreeze: What physical sign is most consistent with his history?
Rapid, deep breathing
262
What is the most common component of antifreeze?
Ethylene glycol
263
What accounts for deep, rapid breathing in the setting of antifreeze ingestion?
Ethylene glycol creates an anion gap metabolic acidosis
264
Best treatment of early ethylene glycol ingestion (antifreeze)?
Fomepizole
265
Best management of tinea barbae?
Oral terbinafine
266
Best management of pseudofolliculitis barbae?
Recommend discontinuation of shaving
267
Clinical presentation of tinea barbae?
Scaling which occurs in an annular pattern
268
3 complications of pseudofolliculitis barbae?
Hyperpigmentation, secondary bacterial infection, keloid formation
