Infectious derm 1 Flashcards
What is an exanthem?
Rash that appears abruptly and involves several areas of skin at once
What is an enanthem?
An eruption upon a mucous membrane
What are the 6 examthems of childhood?
1 = rubeloa 2 = Scarlet fever 3 = rubella 4 = Staph scalded skin syndrome 5 = Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek) 6 = Exanthem subitum
What is the cause of first disease?
Rubeola )measles
What is the cause of second disease?
Strep pyogenes
What is the cause of third disease?
Rubella (german measles)
What is the cause of fourth disease?
Coxsackie or echo
OR
Staph aureus
What is the cause of fifth’s diseasE?
Parvovirus B19
What is the cause of sixth disease?
HHV6
What are the three Cs of measles?
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
What are the exanthem like with measles?
Erythematous macules and papules which being on the face and spear cephalo-caudad centrifugally
What are the complications from measles?
- Encephalitis leading to MR
- URI issues
What is the usual course for measles?
Improve within 2 days of rash onset, but lasts 7-14 days
What are the prodrome s/sx of rubella?
ILI with conjunctivitis and LAD
What are the exanthem like with rubella?
Pruritic, pink to red macules and papules that being on the face and spread to the neck, trunk, and extremities over 24 hours
What are the enanthem of rubella?
Petechial lesions of soft palate and uvula
What is the rash like with fifth’s disease? What classically makes it worse?
Slapped cheeks + lacy rash
Made worse with heat
What is the difference in progression of measles vs chickenpox?
Measles = all change at same time
What are the major complications from rubella?
Fetal:
- Cataracts
- Sensorineural deafness
- PDA
What is the progression of the exanthem with erythema infectiosum?
Starts with bright red cheeks, then progressing to a reticular rash that appears on the trunk and extremities
When are children most infectious with erythema infectiosum?
Before the onset of the rash
What is the cause of erythema infectiosum, and how is it spread?
Parvovirus b19–respiratory secretions, or vertical transmission to the fetus
What ages most commonly get erythema infectiosum?
4-10 years
What are the adult s/sx of erythema infectiosum?
Arthralgias
How long may the rash persist for with erythema infectiosum? What classically makes it worse?
weeks to months
Sunlight, hot temps
What is the other name, and cause of sixth’s disease?
Exanthem subitum
HHV 6
What are the prodromal s/sx of exanthem subitum?
Higher fever
palpebral edema
URI
What is the exanthem like with exanthem subitum?
Pink macules and papules surrounded by white halos
begins on the neck and spread to proximal extremities
Name the disease:
- Pink macules and papules surrounded by white halos
- begins on the neck and spread to proximal extremities
Exanthem subitum
What is the age range that is usually affected with exanthem subitum?
6 months - 4 years
What is the most common exanthem before age 2?
Exanthem subitum
True or false: latent HHV 6 often causes reactivation s/sx
false–only if immunocompromised, or with drug reaction (usually)
What are the prodromal s/sx of hand-foot-and-mouth disease? (3)
Fever
Severe Sore throat
Malaise
What is the progression of the rash like with hand foot and mouth disease?
- Bright pink macules and papules
- painful vesicles with erythematous halos,
- erosions with surrounding edema
name that disease’s rash:
- Bright pink macules and papules
- painful vesicles with erythematous halos,
- erosions with surrounding edema
Hand foot and mouth disease
What is the distribution of the rash in hand foot and mouth disease?
Starts in the mouth, later on hands and feet
What are the enanthem of hand foot and mouth disease?
erythematous erosions, resembling canker sores
what causes hand foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus a16 or enterovirus or echovirus
True or false: hand foot and mouth disease is highly infectious
True
When in the year is the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease the highest?
Late summer and early fall
What other diseases do coxsackieviruses cause besides hand foot and mouth disease?
Carditis and pleuritis
How long does hand foot and mouth disease last for?
resolves within 10 days
What is the prodrome of varicella?
asymptomatic to ILI
What is the rash like with varicella?
Progresses from macules to papules, to vesicles over 12-24 hours. Tends to start on the face, then move to trunk
Name the rash: Progresses from macules to papules, to vesicles over 12-24 hours. Tends to start on the face, then move to trunk
Varicella
What is the incubation period for varicella?
2-3 weeks
What is the infectious agent with molluscum contagiosum?
dsDNA poxvirus
What is the only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm?
poxvirus
What are the lesions like with molluscum contagiosum?
Umbilicated, dome shaped papules that may autoinoculate from one part of the body to another
How long do the lesions with molluscum contagiosum last for?
6-9 months
What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum in adults? What about for children?
Liquid nitrogen
Child = conservative therapy
What is variolae?
Smallpox (poxviridae)
What is Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
Self limited cutaneous response to various immunological triggers, caused by Hep B, EBV, others
What are the prodromal s/sx of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
Diarrhea or URI
maybe HSM or LAD
What is the rash like with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome? Where on the body is it found?
- Monomorphous pink to red-brown papules or papulovesicles that is pruritic
- Symmetric on face, extensor surfaces
What is the better name for Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
Papular acrodermatitis of childhood
What is the age range that Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is seen in?
6 mo - 15 years
what is the treatment for Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
Steroids for pruritis
How long does the rash last for with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
10-60 days
What is pityriasis rosea?
URI precedes it, but Rash that presents with a “herald rash” followed by a full body rash.
What is the age range that gets pityriasis rosea?
10-35 years
What is the prodromal rash with pityriasis rosea?
Tinea corporis-like with peripheral scaling and central clearing
What is the rash like with pityriasis rosea?
Christmas tree pattern that is salmon colored and mildly pruritic
Christmas tree pattern that is salmon colored and mildly pruritic = ?
pityriasis rosea
What layer of the skin does HPV infect?
Basal the keratinocytes
What are the HPV types for: verrucae vulgaris (2)?
2
4
What are the HPV types for: verrucae plana (2)?
3
10
What is the HPV type for: palmoplantar warts (1)?
1
What do common warts look like?
cauliflower
What do flat warts look like?
flat topped and less keratotic
Flesh colored
What do palmoplantar warts look like?
Thick, endophytic papules
What are the mosaic warts of the palmoplantar variety?
Plantar warts coalescing into large plaques
What are the symptoms of palmoplantar warts?
Pain with weight bearing
What do genital warts look like?
hyperkeratotic or dermal flesh colored papules that vary in size from 1 mm to 10 cm
What are the two ways that drugs kill warts?
Stimulate immune system or destroy
What should be done if mom is having an active outbreak of HSV prior to delivery?
C-section
What is the rash like with shingles?
erythematous macules and papules which progress to vesicles within 12-24 hours, and then pustules
true or false: the pain usually precedes the rash with shingles
True
What is the rash that is had with kaposi’s sarcoma?
Erythematous macules or papules that develop into violaceous plaques and nodules
Erythematous macules or papules that develop into violaceous plaques and nodules = ?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
What is erythrasma? What does it look like?
Chronic bacterial infection caused by corynebacterium, that tends to affect the toes, groin, and axilla
Presents as a red spot/patch that is sharply demarcated
What are the symptoms of erythrasma?
Pruritic
What is the treatment for erythrasma? (2)
Wash with benzoyl peroxide, followed by topical erythromycin
What will a Wood’s lamp show with erythrasma?
Coral Red fluorescence
