Head and Neck Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major divisions of cancer of the head and neck?

A
  • Oral
  • Pharyngeal
  • Laryngeal
  • Nasopharyngeal
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2
Q

True or false: black and white women have similar rates of oral cavity / pharyngeal cancers

A

True

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3
Q

Black men have (__)% highers rates of oral/pharyngeal cancers than white males

A

30%

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4
Q

Which ethnicity has the lowest rates of oral cavity/pharyngeal cancers?

A

Hispanics

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5
Q

Which ethnicity has the lowest rates of laryngeal cancers?

A

Asians

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6
Q

Both black men and women have 2x the risk of which cancer relative to white men and women?

A

Laryngeal

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7
Q

What is the most common type of head/neck cancer?

A

SCC

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8
Q

What are the chemicals that predispose patients to head and neck cancerS?

A
  • Asbestos
  • Ni
  • Cr
  • Ar
  • Formaldehyde
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9
Q

What is the classic triad of plummer vinson syndrome?

A
  • Anemia
  • Esophageal webs
  • Glossitis
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10
Q

What is the viral family of EBV? Genetic material? Enveloped?

A
  • HSV (HHV-4)
  • dsDNA
  • Enveloped
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11
Q

What is the viral family of HPV? Genetic material? Enveloped?

A
  • Papillomavirus
  • dsDNA
  • Naked
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12
Q

What are the two proteins that are utilized by HPV?

A

E6–inhibits p53

E7–inhibits Rb

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13
Q

Most people who have head or neck cancers have what environmental exposures?

A

EtOH and smoking

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14
Q

What are the major occupations that predispose patients to head and neck cancers? (5)

A
  • Woodworking
  • Leather manufacturing
  • Ni refining
  • Textile industry
  • Ra dial painting
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15
Q

What are the strains of HPV that cause cancer?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

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16
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause genital warts?

A

6 and 11

17
Q

What ear findings may be suggestive of head/neck cancer?

A
  • Referred otalgia

- Serous OM

18
Q

What are the throat findings suggestive of head/neck cancer? (3)

A
  • Hoarseness
  • Persistent odynophagia
  • Dysphagia
19
Q

What are the hematological findings suggestive of head/neck cancers? (2)

A
  • Erythroplasia

- Non-healing ulcers

20
Q

What are the nasal findings suggestive of head/neck cancer? (3)

A
  • Recurrent epistaxis
  • Nasal obstruction
  • Submucosal mass
21
Q

What is the process of progression with head/neck cancers?

A

Dysplasia
CIS
Carcinoma

22
Q

White patches that do not rub off = ?

A

Leukoplakia

23
Q

White patches on the tongue that rub off = ?

A

Candidiasis

24
Q

What is the genetic mutation in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A

STK11

25
Q

What is the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the GI tract?

A

APC

  • Kras
  • p53
26
Q

What is the role of ASA in the prevention of GI carcinoma?

A

p53 mutations and increased expression of COX allow for progression to CA

27
Q

What is the prognosis for red patches in the mouth that do not go away in 2 weeks?

A

20-30% will develop into cancer

28
Q

How do you diagnose laryngeal cancer?

A

Endoscopy

29
Q

What is the gross appearance of tumors in the mouth?

A

Nodular appearance

30
Q

What type of voice will a patient with a unilateral vocal cord mass present with?

A

Breathy sounding

31
Q

What type of voice will a patient with hypopharynx mass present with?

A

Garbled voice

32
Q

The lymphatic in the true vocal cords are minimal. What is the significance of this, relative to hypopharyngeal cancers?

A

higher incidence of mets in hypopharyngeal than in true glottic cancers

33
Q

What is the general treatment technique for head and neck cancers?

A

-Surgery with radiation and chemo