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Mechanisms of Disease > Infectious and Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious and Skin Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What type of inflammation is depicted here?

A

Fibrinous inflammation (deposit from extudate due to large vascular leakage)

F = fibrin

P = pericardium

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2
Q

What cell produces Immunoglobulin A (IgA)?

A

Plasma cells associated with mucosa

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3
Q

True or false

Bacterial exotoxins are highly toxic and can be fatal in microgram quantities.

A

True

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4
Q

What type of inflammation is depicted here? What are the arrows, triangles, and stars indicating?

A

Chronic inflammation

Triangle = tissue destruction

Arrow = attempted repair

Star = granuloma (chronic inflammatory cells)

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5
Q

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder that causes blisters. Where do autoantibodies attack?

A

Intercellular junctions in the epidermis and mucosa

(Desmoglein, BPAG2, and anchoring filaments)

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6
Q

What type of blister is depicted here?

A

Subcorneal

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7
Q

What type of blister is depicted here?

A

Subepidermal

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8
Q

What disease is depicted here? What are its hallmark characteristics?

A

Psoriasis

Thickened epidermis (elongated rete ridges)

Neutrophil infiltration

Excessive epidermal proliferation

Accumulation of nucleated cells in stratum corneum (parakeratosis)

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9
Q

What type of inflammation is depicted here? Is it acute or chronic?

A

Granuloma

Chronic

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10
Q

What organism causes trichinosis? How is it usually obtained?

A

Trichinella Spiralis (nematode)

Ingestion of undercooked meat (typically pork)

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11
Q

Is this initial or late acute inflammation?

A

Initial

(congested blood vessels and neutrophil infiltration)

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12
Q

Describe the enteric and muscle phases of trichinosis in regard to Trichinella spiralis’s life cycle.

A

Enteric:

  1. Adult in intestines and produce larva
  2. Larva infiltrate blood
  3. Exit blood vessels

Muscle:

  1. Infect skeletal muscle fibers
  2. Adults die and muscle fiber calcifies
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13
Q

True or false

Bacterial exotoxins do not bind to specific receptors.

A

False.

They DO bind to specific receptors.

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14
Q

What type of blister is depicted here?

A

Suprabasal

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15
Q

What type of inflammation is depicted here? Is it acute or chronic?

A

Purulent inflammation

Acute

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16
Q

Describe the cytology of verrucae

A

Cytoplasmic vacuolization (halos)

Increased keratohyalin granules

Eosinophilic keratin aggregates in cells

17
Q

What type of blister is a Vulgaris pemphigus?

A

Suprabasal

18
Q

What is the clinical presentation of muscle stage trichinosis?

A

Myalgia and paralysis

Fever, headache, skin rash

Edema and conjunctivitis

(typical of infection/muscle damage)

19
Q

Is this initial or late acute inflammation?

A

Late

(mononuclear WBCs - lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells)

20
Q

What tissue does trichinosis infect? What are the symptoms?

A

Infects skeletal muscle

Symptoms: fever, myalgia, and periorbital edema

21
Q

What type of inflammation is pictured here? Is it acute or chronic?

A

Serous inflammation (blister)

Acute

22
Q

What type of blister is a Bullous pemphigoid?

A

Subepidermal

(or nonacantholytic)

23
Q

What causes verrucae?

A

Human papillomaviruses (HPV)

24
Q

What structure is depicted here?

Hint: trichinosis

A

Nurse cell-larva complex

25
Q

What are some histologic indicators of acute inflammation?

A

Dilation of small blood vessels

Increased microvasculature permeability

Migration and activation of immune cells

26
Q

How does IgA prevent degradation against viral/bacterial proteases?

A

Extensive glycosylation

27
Q

True or false

Bacterial endotoxins are excreted by the cell.

A

False.

They are part of the cell way and are released when bacteria are destroyed

28
Q

What is the clinical presentation of enteric stage trichinosis?

A

Diarrhea

Nausea

Vomiting

Pain

Low-grade fever

(all typical of enteric diseases)

29
Q

True or false

bacterial endotoxins don’t typically induce fever?

A

False.

They always induce fever.

30
Q

What are some histologic indicators of chronic inflammation?

A

Infiltration by macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells

Tissue destruction

Attempts at healing

31
Q

True or false

Bacterial exotoxins are highly antigenic and can be neutralized by antitoxins.

A

True

32
Q

What is a consequence of such a strong immune response against Trichinella spiralis larvae?

A

Inflammatory response can cause widespread tissue damage

33
Q

What type of blister is a Foliaceus pemphigus?

A

Subcorneal

34
Q

What is depicted here?

A

Verruca (wart)

35
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Dissolution of intercellular bridges

36
Q

At what dose are endotoxins actually toxic?

A

10-100 micrograms

37
Q

What are the symptoms of viral and bacterial meningitis?

A

Acute onset fever

Headache

Stiff neck

Photophobia

Confusion

38
Q

What causes the most damage to neuronal tissue in meningitis?

A

Pressure

39
Q

Describe ciliostasis

A

Attachment of bacteria to impede cilia movements, which prevents movement of bacteria out of the tissue

Mechanisms of Disease (13 decks)

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