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NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY > Infections Of Urinary System ( UTI ) > Flashcards

Infections Of Urinary System ( UTI ) Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary Tract infections are the most what ?

A

Most common HAI

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2
Q

Urinary Tract infections are the second most common what for women?

A

Bacterial infection

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3
Q

What is the most and second most common pathogen that causes UTI?

A

Escherichia C.oli
Candida Albicans

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4
Q

From what can cause a UTI? (2)

A

Indwelling Catheter or asymptotic colonization

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5
Q

Fungal and parasitic infections are rarely causing a urinary tract infection , however it can be seen more in which type of patients? (4)

A

Immunosupressed
Diabetics
Kidney problems
Multiple antibiotics

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6
Q

How can we classify a urinary tract infection?

A

Either upper or lower

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7
Q

We use specific terms in order to identify the location of an UTI. What are the 4 and define them ?

A

Pyelonephritis
- inflammation of the renal parenchyma & collecting systems
Cystitis
- inflammation of bladder
Urethritis
- inflammation of urethra
Urosepsis
- spread systematically

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8
Q

We can also classify a UTI as what? (2)

A

Complicated vs uncomplicated

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9
Q

What does complicated mean for UTI?
Give an example of this as well

A

Underlying disease or structural/functional problem in the UTI

Kidney transplant & stones

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10
Q

What does uncomplicated UTI stand for?

A

Bladder only

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11
Q

What term do we use to describe upper urinary tract infections
And which structures are included? (3)

A

Pyelnoephritis
Renal parenchyma
Pelvis
Ureters

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12
Q

What term is used to describe lower urinary tract ? (2)
And define each

A

Cystitis ( bladder )
Urthritis ( Urethra )

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13
Q

Etiology & Pathophysiology
The urinary tract above the urthra is normally what?

A

Sterile

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14
Q

How is the urinary tract above the urthrea sterile?
What are the defense mechanisms that help maintain sterility ? (6)

A

Complete emptying with void
Ureterovesical junction competence
Ureteral Peristaltic Activity
( which helps move urine toward the bladder )
Acidic ph ( 6.0-7.5 )
High Urea
Glycoproteins & Peptides
( inhibit bacterial growth )

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15
Q

Organisms that usually cause UTI originate in the what?

A

Perineum
( between anus & vulva/penis )

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16
Q

How are organisms introduced into the Urethra?

A

Via the ascending route from the urthrea

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17
Q

What are 4 most common factor contributing to ascending infection ?

A

Catherization
Cystoscopic examinations
Sexual intercourse
Hematogenous transmission

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18
Q

How does Catherization and Cystoscopic examinations cause organism from the perineum ascend urthrea promote a UTI?

A

Allows bacteria to enter through opening

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19
Q

How does sexual intrercourse cause organisms from perniuem to ascend into the urethra?

A

It promotes milking of bacteria

20
Q

What does Hematogenous transmission mean for UTI?

A

Blood born bacteria invades kidneys, ureters or bladder from elsewhere in the body

21
Q

CAUTIS are super dangerous why?

A

Because it’s extends hospital stay
Health cost
Mortality

22
Q

What are the 3 clinical manifestations groups that fall under lower urinary tract infection?

A

Emptying symptoms
Storage symptoms
Hematuria/Cloudy appearance

23
Q

What clinical manifestation would fall under emptying symptoms for a patient with a lower urinary tract infection? (5)

A

Hesitancy
Intermittency
Post void dribbling
Urinary retention/incomplete emptying
Dysuria ( painful pee )

24
Q

What clinical manifestations fall under storage symptoms for lower urinary tract infections? (5)

A

Urinary frequency
Urgency
Incontinence
Nocturia
Noctural Enuresis

25
Q

What are clinical manifestations for upper urinary tract infection are? (6)

A

Flank plan
Chills
Fever

Fatigue
Anorexia
Asymptomatic

26
Q

Older adults clinical manifestations
For upper urinary tract infection 4

A

Non localized abdominal discomfort
Cognitive impariment ( confused )
Generalized deterioration
( often aferible )

27
Q

However: you want to remember that in older adults upper urinary tract infection are normally ?

A

Absent clinical manifestations

28
Q

Sometimes people will have some bacteria colonization of bacteria in the bladder, however we want to treat and worry about this in which patients?

A

Pregnant women

29
Q

Colonization of bacteria in bladder ; screen and test with pregnancy is called what?

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

30
Q

What is a diagnostic studies we can do to help determine a UTI?

A

Dipstick urinalysis

31
Q

The dipstick urinalysis can help determine what? (3)
What do they indicate (2)

A

Presence of nitrites
( bacteriruia ) ( bacteria in urine )
Presence of white blood cells & leukocyte estesrase
( Pyuria ) ( pus in urine )

32
Q

After we confirm bacteriuria & pyuria from the dipstick what other things will we do to help diagnosis?

A

Urine culture & sensitivity

33
Q

What does urine culture & sensitivity mean? (2)

A

We collect urine by clean catch urine sample; which people pee into a cup at doctor

And sensitivity is from that culture to see the specific bacteria to prescribe specific antibiotics

34
Q

Urine culture/sensitivity are normally used in what? (4)

A

Recurring UTI (2-3 a year )
Complicated UTI ( structural/functional problem )
CAUTI & HAI
UTI unresponsive to empiric therapy

35
Q

Lastly, we’ve done a dipstick, urine culture, what is the last thing we can do to diagnostic studies on? (2)

A

Ultrasound or CT scan
To see the urine

36
Q

What is normal urine specific gravity?

A

1.005-1.030

37
Q

Nursing assessment
What are some things to ask for subjective data for UTI? (8)

A

Past history
Medications
Surgery
Health perception
Nutritional
Elimination
Cognitive
Sexual

38
Q

What are some objective data we will collect? (3)

A

General
Urinary ( dipstick urinalysis )
Possible lab findings

39
Q

What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for UTI?

A

Impaired urinary system function
Acute pain
Lack of knowledge

40
Q

What are the 3 planning goals for the patient who has a UTI?

A

Relief from bothersome symptoms
No upper urinary tract involvement
No recurrence

41
Q

Nursing Implementation
What are we going to as nurses for the patient? (8)

A

Recognized those at risk of UTI
Patient teach
- empty bladder 3-4 daily
- avoid vaginal sprays/douching
- wipe front to back
- adequate fluid intake
- urinate after sex
( perineal hygiene hospital patients )

42
Q

Who are most at risk that we can recognize for a UTI?

A

Immunocompromised
( cancer and diabetics )

Older adults

43
Q

What are the 5 things we can do as nurses to help prevent CAUTI?

A

Avoid unnecessary Catherization
Early removal
Aseptic technique
Hand hygiene
Gloves

44
Q

What are acute care we as nurses will do to help patients with UTI ( 5 )
For this one, think of the hospital, like what will we be saying to the patient and actually “grabbing” for them

A

Adquetae fluid
( helps dilute the urine & reduce irritation )

Avoid irritating fluids & foods
( coffee, alcohol, citrus juice, chocolate, spicy foods )

Heating pad to suprapubic & lower back
( help with discomfort )

Teach patient about drugs & side effects
( peridoum- orange pee )
Teach patient to what to look out for and report to HCP

45
Q

What are we as nurses goin to help our patients with uti for Ambulatory care (6)?

A

Patient teaching
Take anti microbes as ordered
Adequate fluid intake
Voiding regularly
Stop using diaphragm
Follow up date

46
Q

Lastly, what would we want as a ending result
The evaluation after treating and implementing our treatment for UTI? (3)

A

Have normal urinary elimination patterns
Report relief of bothersome urinary tract symptoms
State knowledge of treatment & plan

NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY (16 decks)

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