Anorectal Problems

Question 1

What are hemorrhoids
Internal vs external?

Answer 1

Internal above internal sphincter

External
Outside external sphincter

Question 2

What is the etiology and pathophysiology of hemorrhoids?

Answer 2

Increase anal pressure and weakened connective tissues

Question 3

Risk factors of hemorrhoids are?

Answer 3

Pregnancy
Constipation
Straining
Diarrhea
Heavy lifting
Prolonged standing and sitting
Obesity
Ascites

Question 4

Internal manifestations (3)
External (5)

Answer 4

Bleeding with pooping
Pain
Prolapse

Reddish blue color
Itching
Burning
Edema
Thrombosis
( ( blue purple ) palpable
Pain inflammation bleeding with poop)

Question 5

Diagnosis for external and internal
(2)(3)

Answer 5

Inspection and digital examination

Digital examination
Anoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy

Question 6

Therapy for hemorrhoids are? (9)

Answer 6

High fiber diet
Increase fluids
( prevent constipation )

Ointments
Creams
Suppositories
Impregnated pads
Astringents
Anesthetic
Stool softeners

Question 7

Treatment
External (1)
Internal (4)

Answer 7

Consecutive unless thromboses

Rubber hand ligation
Infrared coagulation
Secleortheroay
Lasted treatment

Question 8

Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical excision it’s done with? (2)

Answer 8

Prolapse or thrombosis

Question 9

Conservative education (4)

Answer 9

Precent constipatuon
OTC drugs
Health care ; bleeding prolapsed
Sitz bath

Question 10

Post operative hemmorids (4)

Answer 10

Pain control
Opioids,NSAIDS topical
Wound healing
Promote defecattion

Question 11

What is an anal fissure?
Caused by?

How does it work?

Answer 11

Skin ulcer or crack in lining of anal wall

Trauma from hard stool, anal trauma, STDS, inflammation

High pressure and poor blood supply results in ischemia which results in ulceration

Question 12

Symptoms of anal fissures are? (2)

Answer 12

Several anal pain especially with defecatuin and direct pressure
Blood

Question 13

Anal fissure diganosis ?

Answer 13

Direct examination

Question 14

Treatment of anal fissures are?(6)

Answer 14

Fiber
Fluids
Sitz bath
Topical analgesia
Stool softeners
Surgery

Question 15

What is anorectal abscess?

Answer 15

Perianal collection of pus due to obstruction of anal glands results in infection which results in abscess

Question 16

What is manifestions if anorextal abscess? (6)

Answer 16

Local severe pain
Sweeping
Foul smelling drainage
Tenderness
Fever
Sepsis

Question 17

Diagnosis (1) & treatment ? (2)

Answer 17

Rectal exam

Surgical drainage:antibiotics

Question 18

Nursing care?(3)

Answer 18

Moist heat
positioning
Low fiber diet

Question 19

Education?(3)

Answer 19

Wound care
Perianal hygiene
Follow up

Question 20

What is anal fistula?

Answer 20

Abnormal tunnel from anus or rectum to skin vagina or buttocks

Question 21

Anal fistula comes from the complication of?

Drainage is what?

Answer 21

Crohn disease

Bloody pus and fecal

Question 22

Treatment of anal fistula?

Answer 22

Surgery ; fistulotomy

Complex ; intersphinicyer fistula tract

Question 23

Pilonidal sinus is?

Answer 23

Small tract under the skin between buttocks in sacrococcygeal area

Question 24

Pilonidal sinus bites

It has congenital origin
Lined with epithelium and hair
Irritation may cause cyst or abscess resulting in pain and swelling

Treatment
- irrigation and drainage

Nursing ; warm moist heat

Education
Avoid dressing contamination and straining