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MD2001 Week 5 > Infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Infections of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

How does the skin act as a defensive barrier?

A
  • epidermis - hard layer of dead cells
  • dry surface
  • constant sloughing
  • acidic pH
  • sweat
  • rich blood and lymphatic supply
  • produces antimicrobial substances - fatty acids, sebum, defensins
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2
Q

What does normal skin microbiota include?

A
  • coagulate-negative staphylococci (staphylococcus epidermis, staphylococcus aureus)
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • probionicbacterium acnes
  • corynebacterium sp.
  • candida sp.
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3
Q

Where do skin infections occur? (and examples)

A 
> keratinised epithelium (ringworm)
> epidermis (impetigo)
> hair follicules (folliculitis)
> subcutaneous fat (cellulitis)
- fascia (necrotising fasciitis)
- muscle (gas gangrene
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4
Q

What are the routes of skin infection?

A
  • skin (pores, hair follicles)
  • wounds
  • bites
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5
Q

List bacterial infections of skin?

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis
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6
Q

What does toxic mediated mean?

A

bacteria produces toxins that produce illness

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7
Q

Features of streptococcus pyogenes?

A
  • cocci morphology - round
  • grows in chains
  • gram positive
  • group A strep - harmful
  • multiple virulence factors
  • beta haemolytic (breaks down RBCs)
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8
Q

Features of staphylococcus aureus?

A
  • cocci morphology - round
  • grows in clusters
  • gram positive
  • causes a huge range of illnesses
  • antibiotic resistant strains - MRSA, VRSA
  • multiple virulence factors
  • diret infection or effect of toxin
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9
Q

Features of pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A
  • coccobacillus morphology - between cocci and bacillus
  • gram negative
  • monotrichous flagellum - one
  • opportunistic pathogen
  • colonises catheters…
  • produces exotoxin A
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10
Q

Macule skin lesion?

A
  • flat
  • red
  • local inflammation
  • blanches
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11
Q

Papule skin lesion?

A
  • raised
  • red
  • more marked inflamation
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12
Q

Vesicle skin lesion?

A
  • small blister

- fluid filled sac

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13
Q

Ulcer skin lesion?

A
  • disruption of epithelium
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14
Q

Abscess?

A

collection of pus

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15
Q

Pyoderma?

A

pus-forming skin infection

- cutaneous access

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16
Q

Impetigo?

A

vesicles developing into rupturing pustules then forming dry crusts

17
Q

Ecthyma?

A

rupturing vesicles leading to erythematous lesions and dried crusts

18
Q

Furuncle?

A

boil, deep folliculitis, pus

19
Q

Carbuncle?

A

collection of boils

20
Q

Erysipelas?

A

erythema and inflammation of superficial dermis

21
Q

Cellulitis?

A

erythematous inflamation affecting deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat
- rubor, calor, dolor, tumor

22
Q

Acne?

A

infection of sebaceous follicles

23
Q

Necrotising fasciitis?

A

cellulitis with necrosis affecting skin, deeper fascia and sometimes muscle

24
Q

Dehiscence?

A

wound rupture along surgical suture

25
Q

Erythema?

A

redness of skin or mucous membranes

26
Q

Pyoderma?

A

any skin disease with pus

- can include impetigo, folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle

27
Q

Bullous?

A

blisters

28
Q

Contagiosa?

A

contagious

29
Q

Fungal infections of the skin?

A
  • dermatophytes- Tinea spp.

- yeasts - Candida albicans, malassezia furfural

30
Q

What do dermatophytes cause?

A
  • ringworm

- athletes foot

31
Q

What causes ringworm?

A

the dermatophyte (fungal infection type) - Tinea

32
Q

What causes athletes foot?

A

the dermatophyte (fungal infection type) - Tinea

33
Q

Viral infections of the skin?

A
  • Human papilloma viruses (HPV) - warts, genital warts
  • Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) - cold sores
  • Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) - genital herpes
  • Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - chicken pox, shingles
  • Coxsackie A virus - hand, foot and mouth
34
Q

A parasite of the skin?

A

sarcoptes scabei (mite)

  • causes scabies
  • mite burrows into skin - female lays eggs
  • asymptomatic infection
  • hypersensitivity may occur
  • may lead to superinfection

MD2001 Week 5 (10 decks)

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