Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Infections of the eye > Flashcards

Infections of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is scleritis

A

Inflammation of the full thickness of the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Associated systemic conditions with scleritis

A

RA, SLE, IBD, sarcoidosis and granulomatosis with polyangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of scleritis affects both eyes

A

50% of cases of bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presentation of scleritis

A

Severe pain, pain with eye movement
Photophobia
Eye watering
Reduced visual acuity
Abnormal pupil reaction to light
Tenderness to palpation to the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of scleritis

A

Look for underlying condition, NSAIDs, steroids and immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is episcleritis

A

Benign and self-limiting inflammation of the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the episclera located

A

Situated just underneath the conjunctiva, outmost layer of sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is episcleritis associated with

A

Not infection usually, mainly RA and IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Presentation of episcleritis

A

Acute onset of unilateral symptoms
Mild pain
Segmental redness
Foreign body sensation
Dilated episcleral vessels,
Watering of eye, no discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of episcleritis

A

Self limiting and will recover in 1-4 weeks, in mild cases no treatment is necessary. Lubricating eye can help, cold compresses, analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What parts of the eye does anterior uveitis involve

A

Iris and anterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What parts of the eye does intermediate uveitis involve

A

Peripheral retina and vitreous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What parts of eye does posterior uveitis involve

A

Choroid and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Associations with acute anterior uveitis

A

HLA B27 related conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Associations with chronic anterior uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis, syphilis, Lyme disease, TB, herpes, JIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Presentation of anterior uveitis

A

Unilateral symptoms that start spontaneously without a history of trauma or precipitating events. May occur with flare of an associated disease such as reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of anterior uveitis

A

Dull, aching, painful
Red, ciliary flush
Reduced visual acuity
Floaters and flashes
Miosis
Photophobia
Excessive tear production
Posterior synechiae
Hypopyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Management of anterior uveitis

A

Steroids, cycloplegic-mydriatic medications such as cyclopentolate or atropine eye drops, DMARDS and TNF inhibitors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment options of severe cases of anterior uveitis

A

laser therapy, cryotherapy or surgery

20
Q

What does cyclopegic mean

A

Paralysing the ciliary muscles

21
Q

What does mydriatic mean

A

Dilating the pupils

22
Q

What types of medications are cyclopentolate and atropine

A

Antimuscarinic

23
Q

What is the role of antimuscarinic

A

Medications that blocks to the action of the iris sphincter muscles and ciliary body. These dilate the pupil and reduce pain associated with ciliary spasm by stopping the action of the ciliary body.

24
Q

Types of posterior uveitis

A

Retinitis, vasculitis and neuroretinitis

25
Q

What is ciliary flush

A

Ring of red spreading from the cornea outwards

26
Q

What causes an abnormally shaped pupil

A

Posterior synechiae (adhesions) which pull the iris

27
Q

What is a hypopyon

A

Collection of white blood cells in the anterior chamber seen as a yellowish fluid collection settled in front of the lower iris, with a fluid level

28
Q

Where is the conjunctival layer

A

Thin layer of tissue that covers to inside of the eyelids and the sclera of the eye

29
Q

Three main types of conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial, viral, allergic

30
Q

Presentation of conjunctivitis

A

Unilateral or bilateral, red eyes, bloodshot, itchy or gritty sensation, discharge from eye

31
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A

Purulent discharge and inflamed conjunctiva, typically worse in morning.

32
Q

Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

Clear discharge, associated with other symptoms of viral infection, tender preauricular lymph nodes

33
Q

Management of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Usually gets better on its own, but hloramphenicol and fuscific acid can be used for eye drops

34
Q

What can neonatal conjunctivitis infection be related to

A

Gonococcal infection

35
Q

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Swelling of conjunctival sac and eyelid with watery discharge and itch. After contact with allergens

36
Q

Management of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Oral or topical antihistamines. Topical mast-cell stabilisers can be used in patients with chronic seasonal symptoms

37
Q

What is keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

38
Q

Causes of keratitis

A

Viral - herpes simplex.
Bacterial - pseudomonas or staphylococcus.
Fungal - candida or aspergillus.
Contact lens acute red eye (CLARE). Exposure to keratitis

39
Q

What is the most common cause of keratitis

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

40
Q

What is stromal keratitis

A

When the inflammation reaches the layer between the epithelium and endothelium (stroma).

41
Q

Complications of stromal keratitis

A

Stromal necrosis, vascularisation, scarring, corneal blindness

42
Q

Which layer does herpes keratitis usually affect

A

Any part of the eye but mostly epithelial layer of cornea

43
Q

Presentation of keratitis

A

Painful red eye
Photophobia
Vesicles around the eye
Foreign body sensation
Watering eye
Reduced visual acuity

44
Q

Diagnosis of keratitis

A

Fluorescein staining will show a dendritic corneal ulcer. Slit-lamp exam is required for diagnosis. Corneal swabs or scrapings to isolate the virus

45
Q

Management of keratitis

A

Aciclovir topical or oral, ganciclovir eye gel, topical steroids may be used alongside. Corneal transplant

Ophthalmology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions