Emergencies Flashcards
What is pre/peri orbital cellulitis
Eyelid and skin infection in front of the orbial septum
Presentation of preorbital cellulitis
Swelling, redness, hot skin around eyelid and eye
Treatment of preorbital cellulitis
Systemic Abx
What is orbital cellulitis
Infection around the eyeball that involves tissues behind the orbital septum
Eye symptoms of orbital cellulitis
Pain on movement, reduced eye movements, changes in vision, abnormal pupil reactions, proptosis
What investigation needs to be conducted in orbital cellulitis
CT
What does a CT scan look for
Optic nerve compression and extent of infection
Which bacteria typically infects in orbital cellulitis
Staphylococcus or streptococcus
Presentation of orbital cellulitis
Fever, painful swollen eyelid developing quickly, recent infection, facial trauma or surgery
Management of orbital cellulitis
IV broad spec Abx, admission to hospital
Symptoms of temporal arteritis / giant cell arteritis
Sudden blurred vision, headache, tender scalp, jaw claudication, malaise, weight loss, night sweats
History of patient wit GCA
polymyalgia rheumatica, age >50
Examination in GCA
Tender and thickened temporal arteries, reduced visual acuity in the affected eye, RAPD, pale and swollen optic disc
Investigations into GCA
Raised ESR/CRP/platelets, gold standard it temporal artery biopsy
Two common causes of absent red reflex in children
Retinoblastoma and congenital cataract
What are the symptoms of retinoblastoma
White pupil, red eye, positive family history, reduced visual acuity, strabismus, white lesion on fundus
What are the symptoms of congenital cataract
White pupil, positive family history, reduced visual acuity, strabismus, nystagmus, features of associated syndromes, intra-uterine exposures
What is endophthalmitis
Post operative sight threatening infection of the eye
Treatment of retinoblastoma
Combination treatment coordinated with oncologists
Management of congenital cataract
Surgical extraction
Presentation of endophthalmitis
Red painful eye, blurred vision, swollen lids, onset of mins-hours, recent eye surgery, diabetes
Examinationin endophthalmitis
RAPD, hypopyon, worsening inflammatory changes, purulent discharge
Management of endopthalmitis
Rapid admin of intravitreal antibiotics and systemic steroids are essential
