Infections of the Central & Peripheral Vascular System

Question 1

what are Predisposing factors of PAD

Answer 1

Presence of atherosclerotic plaque, aneurysm

Question 2

what is PAD associated with?

Answer 2

Infectice endocarditis

Question 3

Mycotic aneurysms

Answer 3

Caused by septic embolization from endocarditis

Question 4

list classifications of PAV

Answer 4

1.Mycotic aneurysms
Caused by septic embolization from endocarditis

2.Secondarily infected atherosclerotic aneurysms

3.Infectious arteritis without aneurysm formation or necrotizing arteritis

4.Infected pseudoaneurysms from trauma or a vascular procedure

Question 5

Pathogenesis of PAD infection.

Answer 5

Routes of infection includes:

Septic embolization from the heart

Seeding from bacteremia or fungemia

Local invasion from adjacent infectious process

Penetrating injuries

Invasive medical procedures

Question 6

Pathogens that cause mycotic aneurysm from septic embolization are similar to endocarditis

Answer 6

Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, Enterococci,Streptococcus bovis, and HACEK organisms

Question 7

Pathogens can infect atherosclerotic plaque or aneurysm

Answer 7

Gram-positives,S. aureus, different coagulase-negative staphylococcal species, viridans streptococci, and enterococci

Question 8

Syphilis

Answer 8

is STI caused by treponema pallidum

common with arteritis in HIV infected.

Question 9

most common symptoms of PAV

Answer 9

fever others are difficult to diagnose.

less frequent : mass, obstructive ureteral and lower GI bleeding.

Question 10

Diagnosis

Answer 10

Blood cultures usually positive in cases of aneurysm complicating infective endocarditis

Radiographic imaging such a CTscan to confirm clinical diagnosis

Question 11

Inflammation in absence of thrombus

Answer 11

Phlebitis.

Question 12

Superficial Thrombophlebitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of superficial veins with coexistence of venous thrombosis.

Question 13

what is PVD mostly associated with?

Answer 13

affects the lower limb mostly, associated with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

women, above> 60 yrs and above 25kg,

Question 14

most common pathogen of catheter related.

Answer 14

Staphylococcus aureus,streptococci andEnterobacteriaceae

Question 15

Clinical Manifestation

Answer 15

History
Red, warm area overlying superficial vein

Examination
Tender area overlying superficial vein with surrounding edema or pruritis
Fever and purulent drainage at the site of the involved vein

Differential Diagnosis
Cellulitis, Vasculitis, Hematoma, Lymphangitis