Common viral infection affecting the respiratory tract.

Question 1

define profuse

Answer 1

very plentiful

Question 2

Define purelent

Answer 2

consisting of, containg or discharging pus

Question 3

clinical site fpr infection?

Answer 3

Rhinitis, otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, laryngo-tracheo- bronchitis (croup),
bronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia

Question 4

Name common viruses

Answer 4

common viruses:
Rhino virus, Enteroviruses, Parainfluenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
metapneumovirus, Adenoviruses

Question 5

From Nose the alveoli the respiratory tract is ?

Answer 5

continuum

Question 6

some micro-organisms are restricted from the surface epithelium.

Answer 6

Rhinoviruses
Influenza
Streptococci in throat
Chlamydia (conjunctivitis)
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Candida albicans (thrush)

Question 7

others spread in the body before returning to the respiratory tract, larynx.

Answer 7

Measles, mumps, rubella
EBV, CMV
Chlamydophila psittaci a
Q fever
Cryptococcosis

Question 8

Rhinitis

Answer 8

rhinitis is a common cold
takes about 1- 3 days

Question 9

what are prodromal symptoms of rhinitis?

Answer 9

Headache, sore, fullness of nose

Question 10

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis

Answer 10

• 70% viral
• Including Adenoviruses
• Some viruses can cause vesicles (blisters)  ulcers.

Question 11

Infection of the middle ear and of sinuses (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary sinuses? what aare they called?

Answer 11

Otitis media and sinuses.

Question 12

Laryngitis/laryngotracheitis

Answer 12

In children difficult to distinguish due to very close anatomy, so sometimes called laryngotracheobronchitis
* In adults maybe can separate laryngitis (hoarse voice) and tracheitis (sore throat and cough)
* In children can present as croup with stridor- a particular high pitched sound with inspiration and sometimes
even on expiration – due to narrowed airway

Question 13

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 13

not infective
due to irritation from smoking,but also pollution,fumes inhaled dust.

Question 14

what virus accounts about 30% of the community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 14

Viral Pneumonia.

mainly reach lungs via resp. tract

Question 15

Site of infection of Rhinovirus?

Answer 15

Rhinoviruses tend to infect the nose because they prefer slightly cooler temperatures for replication

Question 16

why does someone get
laryngitis, and the other family member only a mild rhinitis?

Answer 16

We all know family members who get much milder version of viral respiratory infection,
probably many viral infections are asymptomatic in older children or healthy adults

Question 17

list common viruses

Answer 17

Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human metapneumovirus, Parainfluenza
virus, Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses, Rhino virus,

Question 18

define syncytia?

Answer 18

a multinucleate mass of
cytoplasm resulting from the fusion of cells.

Question 19

which virus is highly infectious and most children in the first yr of life

Answer 19

syncytial virus

and the major cause of bronchiolitis in infants

Question 20

how is long term consequences of syncytial virus infection on lung is being recognized?

Answer 20

Increased wheezing

Question 21

which virus occurs mainly in spring as opposed to autumn for RSV?.

Answer 21

Human metapneumovirus

Question 22

classic symptoms of Rhinovirus

Answer 22

nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, cough, and/or a sore or scratchy throat lasting 5- 7 days

children are usually sicker, often fever, and last longer 10 days or so

Question 23

how is rhinovirus transmitted?

Answer 23

of infected droplets reaching nasal mucosa or conjunctiva

Question 24

Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections

Answer 24

Culture of virus
* Detection of viral antigens in clinical sample by microscopy
demonstrating antibody responses to infection in serum.
detection of viral nucleic acids

Question 25

viral culture:

Answer 25

Viruses only replicate in living cells (Don’t grow on laboratory media)
* Traditional diagnosis in cell culture systems- slow (days to weeks) labour intensive

Question 26

Detection of viral antigens:

Answer 26

Electron microscopy (viruses not visible on light microscopy), useful for defining morphology in detail,
but not for routine diagnosis
* Immunofluorescence microscopy: using fluorescent labelled antibodies to visualise viral antigens, also

Question 27

Treatment of viral respiratory infections

Question 28

What is the difference between an enveloped and unenveloped virus?

Answer 28

Enveloped virus is surrounded by host derived biological membrane  more
susceptible to physical alterations, e.g. drying, heat, acid, etc therefore easier to
control spread of enveloped virus by various hygiene measures. But also may
provoke lesser inflammatory response during course of infection in hos

Question 29

What impact does it have on risk of transmission of infection?

Answer 29

infection