Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tonsillitis?

A

A form of Pharyngitis where intense inflammation of the tonsils leads to a purulent exudate

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2
Q

What are some of the common causative pathogens of Tonsillitis?

A

Group A Strep

Epstein-Barr Virus

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3
Q

What are some symptoms of Tonsillitis?

A
Headache
Apathy
Abdominal Pain
Painful Swallow
White Tonsillar exudate
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
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4
Q

Which diagnostic criteria can be used to assess the severity of Tonsillitis?

A

Fever-Pain

CENTOR

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5
Q

What are the criteria for Fever-Pain?

A
Fever
Absent Cough
Symptom onset <3d ago
Inflamed Tonsils
Tonsillar Exudate
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6
Q

What does a Fever-Pain of 1 suggest?

A

Abx are not indicated

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7
Q

What does a Fever-Pain of 2-3 suggest?

A

Consider delayed Abx script

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8
Q

What does a Fever-Pain of 4-5 suggest?

A

Antibiotics are indicated

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9
Q

What are the criteria for CENTOR?

A
Fever
Tonsillar Exudate
Absent Cough
Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Age 3-14
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10
Q

Which CENTOR score suggests treatment with Abx is necessary?

A

3 or more

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11
Q

Which Antibiotic should be given if required for Tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin V

Erythromycin if Penicillin allergic

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12
Q

When should children be referred for a tonsillectomy?

A

If they present with recurrent tonsillitis

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13
Q

What are some indications for a tonsillectomy?

A

Recurrent severe tonsillitis
Presence of a Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

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14
Q

What are some clinical features of a Measles infection?

A
Rash
Conjunctivitis and Coryza
Koplik Spots
Fever
Marked malaise
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15
Q

How does the rash present in Measles?

A

Discrete Maculopapular rash which becomes blotchy and confluent. Starts initially behind the ears, spreads to the entire body

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16
Q

What are Koplic spots?

A

White spots found on Buccal Mucosa, Pathognomic for Measles

17
Q

How should a confirmed Measles case be managed?

A

Supportive

18
Q

What are some complications of a Measles infection?

A

Respiratory - Pneumonia, secondary infection
Neuro - Seizures, Encephalitis
Other - Diarrhoea, Hepatitis, Appendicitis

19
Q

When does a Mumps infection usually present?

A

Winter and Spring Months

20
Q

What are some features of a Mumps infection?

A

Fever
Malaise
Parotiditis
Earache/Pain when E+D

21
Q

How severe is a Mumps infection usually?

A

Mild, self-limiting

22
Q

What are some potential complications of a Mumps infection?

A

Viral Meningitis and Encephalitis
Orchitis
Hearing loss - Unilateral, transient

23
Q

What is Rubella?

A

A mild disease in childhood that usually presents in winter and spring

24
Q

Which patients have to be particularly wary of a Rubella infection?

A

Pregnant women, as there are risks to the Fetus

25
How does Rubella present?
Maculopapular rash initially of the face, then spreading to the entire body Prominent lymphadenopathy
26
How should a Rubella infection be managed?
Supportive
27
What are some potential complications of a Rubella infection?
Arthritis Encephalitis Thrombocytopenia Myocarditis
28
When do children recieve the MMR vaccine?
First Dose - 1y | Second Dose - 3y 4m
29
What is Acute Epiglottitis?
Swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding tissues
30
Which organism is responsible for Acute Epiglottitis?
H.Influenza B
31
When is acute epiglottitis most common?
1-6y
32
What are some signs of potential acute epiglottitis?
High fever in a very ill, toxic-looking child Intensely painful throat that prevents speaking or swallowing Drooling of saliva down chin Inspiratory stridor with increasing respiratory difficulty Child sitting immobile and upright with an open mouth to optimise airway Minimal/absent cough
33
Why shouldn't you examine the throat of a child with suspected Epiglottitis?
This can lead to acute oedema, giving airway obstruction and death
34
How should acute epiglottitis be managed?
``` ENT management Intubation under GA Blood Cultures IV Cefotaxime Prophylactic Rifampicin for close household contacts ```