Development

Question 1

What is Weaning?

Answer 1

The gradual transition from milk to normal food

Question 2

When does Weaning begin?

Answer 2

Around 6m

Question 3

Which food type does Weaning begin with?

Answer 3

Pureed foods that are easy to palate, swallow and digest

Question 4

What height is defined as Short Stature?

Answer 4

Height more than 2 standard deviations below the average for their age and sex

Question 5

What are some causes of Short Stature?

Answer 5

Familial Short Stature
Constitutional delay in growth and development
Malnutrition
Chronic disease - Coeliac, IBD, Congenital heart defects
Endocrine - Hypothyroid
Genetic - Down
Skeletal Dysplasia - Achondroplasia

Question 6

What is Constitutional Delay in Growth and Puberty?

Answer 6

A variation in development where the child is short stature in childhood when compared to peers but normal height in adulthood

Question 7

What is a key differentiating feature of Constitutional Delay in Growth and Puberty?

Answer 7

Delayed Bone Age

Question 8

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 8

Permanent Neurological damage due to Brain damage obtained around the time of birth

Question 9

What are some antenatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 9

Maternal infections

Trauma during pregnancy

Question 10

What are some perinatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 10

Birth Asphyxia

Pre-term birth

Question 11

What are some postnatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 11

Meningitis
Severe Neonatal Jaundice
Head injury

Question 12

What types of Cerebral Palsy are there?

Answer 12

Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed

Question 13

How does Spastic Cerebral Palsy present?

Answer 13

Hypertonia due to UMN damage

Question 14

How does Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy present?

Answer 14

Issues controlling muscle tone presenting with both hypertonia and hypotonia. Due to damage of the Basal Ganglia

Question 15

How does Ataxic Cerebral Palsy present?

Answer 15

Issues with coordinated movement due to Cerebellar damage

Question 16

In Cerebral Palsy, what does Monoplegic suggest?

Answer 16

Only one limb is affected

Question 17

In Cerebral Palsy, what does Hemiplegic suggest?

Answer 17

One side of the body affected

Question 18

In Cerebral Palsy, what does Diplegic suggest?

Answer 18

Four limbs are affected, but mostly the legs

Question 19

In Cerebral Palsy, what does Quadriplegic suggest?

Answer 19

Four limbs are affected more severely, often with seizures, speech disturbance and other impairments

Question 20

What are some signs suggestive of Cerebral Palsy during development?

Answer 20

Failure to meet milestones
Increased or decreased tone
Hand preference below 18m
Problems with coordination, speech or walking
Feeding or swallowing difficulties
Learning difficulties

Question 21

What are some complications and associated conditions of Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 21

Learning disability
Epilepsy
Kyphoscoliosis
Muscle contractures
Hearing/Visual impairment
GORD

Question 22

What are some of the members of the team that will manage a child with Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 22

Physio
OT
SLT
Dietician
Orthopaedic surgeons
Paediatricians
Social Workers
Charities/Support Groups