Development Flashcards
What is Weaning?
The gradual transition from milk to normal food
When does Weaning begin?
Around 6m
Which food type does Weaning begin with?
Pureed foods that are easy to palate, swallow and digest
What height is defined as Short Stature?
Height more than 2 standard deviations below the average for their age and sex
What are some causes of Short Stature?
Familial Short Stature
Constitutional delay in growth and development
Malnutrition
Chronic disease - Coeliac, IBD, Congenital heart defects
Endocrine - Hypothyroid
Genetic - Down
Skeletal Dysplasia - Achondroplasia
What is Constitutional Delay in Growth and Puberty?
A variation in development where the child is short stature in childhood when compared to peers but normal height in adulthood
What is a key differentiating feature of Constitutional Delay in Growth and Puberty?
Delayed Bone Age
What is Cerebral Palsy?
Permanent Neurological damage due to Brain damage obtained around the time of birth
What are some antenatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?
Maternal infections
Trauma during pregnancy
What are some perinatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?
Birth Asphyxia
Pre-term birth
What are some postnatal causes of Cerebral Palsy?
Meningitis
Severe Neonatal Jaundice
Head injury
What types of Cerebral Palsy are there?
Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed
How does Spastic Cerebral Palsy present?
Hypertonia due to UMN damage
How does Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy present?
Issues controlling muscle tone presenting with both hypertonia and hypotonia. Due to damage of the Basal Ganglia
How does Ataxic Cerebral Palsy present?
Issues with coordinated movement due to Cerebellar damage
In Cerebral Palsy, what does Monoplegic suggest?
Only one limb is affected
In Cerebral Palsy, what does Hemiplegic suggest?
One side of the body affected
In Cerebral Palsy, what does Diplegic suggest?
Four limbs are affected, but mostly the legs
In Cerebral Palsy, what does Quadriplegic suggest?
Four limbs are affected more severely, often with seizures, speech disturbance and other impairments
What are some signs suggestive of Cerebral Palsy during development?
Failure to meet milestones Increased or decreased tone Hand preference below 18m Problems with coordination, speech or walking Feeding or swallowing difficulties Learning difficulties
What are some complications and associated conditions of Cerebral Palsy?
Learning disability Epilepsy Kyphoscoliosis Muscle contractures Hearing/Visual impairment GORD
What are some of the members of the team that will manage a child with Cerebral Palsy?
Physio OT SLT Dietician Orthopaedic surgeons Paediatricians Social Workers Charities/Support Groups
