Infection in the immunocompromised host Flashcards
what are the two types of primary immunodeficiency
Innate system
Adaptive system
How does the primary innate system work?
phagocytic cell defects - recurrent bacterial and fungal infections
often severe neisseria infections
How does the primary adaptive system work?
T -cell defects - viral, fungal and protozoal infections
b - cell deficiencies- pyogenic infections
What is combined T and B cells deficiency known as
SCID - can lead to all kinds of infections
what are the two type of seconday immunodeificiency
innate
adaptive
How does the secondary innate system work?
disruption of physical barriers burns trauma devices or procedures foreign bodies major surgery
obstruction- interference with clearance mechanisms - infections
how does secondary adaptive system work?
malnutrition infections HIV- AIDS neoplasia - reduced immunoreactivity Splenectomy- phagocytosis of antibody coasted bacteria drugs and treatment
example of bacteria in trauma/injury
staph aureus
example of bacteria in in situ devices
staph epidermis
how does a burn wound get infected?
Damage to mechanical barriers of the body
abnormalities in neutrophil production
highly nutritious surface for organisms
organisms involves in burn wound infections
p areuginosa
staph aureus
fungi
what are spelenectomys susceptible to
and how are the bacteria removed?
capsule bacteria
oponisation - IgG
what is neutropenia
Low level of circulating neutrophils
Causes of neutropenia
Post chemotherapy/Bone marrow transplant
how is HIV detected
drop in CD4 t helper cells
how is aids diagnosed
diagnosis based on uncommon specific oportunistic infections present
common infections associated with AIDS
candida cryptocococcus neoformis pneumocystis jirovecii protozoa protozoa- toxoplasma gondii viruses
what can invasive candidis lead to?
Chronic mucotaneous
oralpharyngeal and eosophageal
where does cryptococcus neoformans occur
people with impaired cell- mediated immunity
lung infections
mengiocephalitis
patients with HIV
What is Pneumocystis jirovecii
atypical fungus lead to pneumonia/cell mediated immune deficiecies
what is CMV and EBV
cytomegalovirus
epstein barr virus
How is CMV diagnosed
through PCR- CMV quantitative - how much is in blood?
Treatment for CMV
IV ganciclovir
